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Official Description

Ablation therapy for reduction or eradication of 1 or more bone tumors (eg, metastasis) including adjacent soft tissue when involved by tumor extension, percutaneous, including imaging guidance when performed; radiofrequency

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

Ablation therapy for bone tumors, specifically coded as CPT® Code 20982, refers to a minimally invasive procedure aimed at reducing or eradicating one or more bone tumors, such as those resulting from metastasis. This procedure is performed percutaneously, meaning it is conducted through the skin, and it often involves the use of imaging guidance, such as computed tomography (CT), to accurately locate the tumor. The primary technique utilized in this procedure is radiofrequency ablation (RFA), which employs a specialized device that generates heat through a rapidly alternating current. This heat is directed into the tumor via a probe that is inserted into the tumor site. The RFA process effectively destroys the tumor cells while also addressing any adjacent soft tissue that may be involved due to tumor extension. Throughout the procedure, the physician monitors the destruction of the tumor and may reposition the probe as necessary to ensure complete treatment of the affected area. This technique is particularly beneficial for patients with bone tumors, as it offers a less invasive alternative to traditional surgical methods, potentially leading to quicker recovery times and reduced complications.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure coded as CPT® Code 20982 is indicated for the treatment of bone tumors, particularly in cases where these tumors are metastatic in nature. The following conditions may warrant the use of this ablation therapy:

  • Bone Tumors The primary indication for this procedure is the presence of one or more bone tumors, which may include metastatic lesions that have spread from other parts of the body.
  • Adjacent Soft Tissue Involvement This procedure is also indicated when the tumor extends into adjacent soft tissue, necessitating treatment that addresses both the tumor and the surrounding affected areas.

2. Procedure

The procedure for CPT® Code 20982 involves several critical steps to ensure effective ablation of the bone tumor. Each step is designed to maximize precision and minimize patient discomfort.

  • Step 1: Imaging Guidance Initially, imaging guidance, typically through computed tomography (CT), is employed to accurately locate the bone tumor. This imaging is crucial for visualizing the tumor's size, shape, and relationship to surrounding structures, ensuring that the subsequent steps are performed with high precision.
  • Step 2: Probe Insertion Once the tumor is identified, a radiofrequency ablation (RFA) probe is carefully advanced through the skin and into the tumor. This step requires meticulous technique to ensure that the probe is positioned correctly within the tumor mass.
  • Step 3: Activation of RFA Device After the probe is in place, the RFA device is activated. This device generates a rapidly alternating current that produces heat, which is transmitted through the probe into the tumor. The heat effectively destroys the tumor cells, leading to tumor reduction or eradication.
  • Step 4: Monitoring and Repositioning Throughout the ablation process, the physician continuously monitors the destruction of the tumor. If necessary, the probe may be repositioned to ensure that all tumor tissue, including any adjacent soft tissue affected by the tumor, is adequately treated. This step is vital for achieving the desired therapeutic outcome.

3. Post-Procedure

After the completion of the ablation therapy, patients may require specific post-procedure care to ensure optimal recovery. Monitoring for any immediate complications is essential, and patients may be advised to rest and limit physical activity for a short period. Follow-up imaging may be necessary to assess the effectiveness of the procedure and to ensure that the tumor has been adequately treated. Additionally, patients should be informed about potential symptoms to watch for, such as pain or swelling at the site of the procedure, and instructed to report any concerning changes to their healthcare provider promptly.

Short Descr ABLATE BONE TUMOR(S) PERQ
Medium Descr ABLATION BONE TUMOR RF PERQ W/IMG GDN WHEN DONE
Long Descr Ablation therapy for reduction or eradication of 1 or more bone tumors (eg, metastasis) including adjacent soft tissue when involved by tumor extension, percutaneous, including imaging guidance when performed; radiofrequency
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 000 - Endoscopic or Minor Procedure
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 1 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures applies.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 1 - Statutory payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
ASC Payment Indicator Non office-based surgical procedure added in CY 2008 or later; payment based on OPPS relative payment weight.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P6C - Minor procedures - other (Medicare fee schedule)
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 163 - Other non-OR therapeutic procedures on musculoskeletal system
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
22 Increased procedural services: when the work required to provide a service is substantially greater than typically required, it may be identified by adding modifier 22 to the usual procedure code. documentation must support the substantial additional work and the reason for the additional work (ie, increased intensity, time, technical difficulty of procedure, severity of patient's condition, physical and mental effort required). note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
50 Bilateral procedure: unless otherwise identified in the listings, bilateral procedures that are performed at the same session, should be identified by adding modifier 50 to the appropriate 5 digit code. note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
80 Assistant surgeon: surgical assistant services may be identified by adding modifier 80 to the usual procedure number(s).
82 Assistant surgeon (when qualified resident surgeon not available): the unavailability of a qualified resident surgeon is a prerequisite for use of modifier 82 appended to the usual procedure code number(s).
AQ Physician providing a service in an unlisted health professional shortage area (hpsa)
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
CR Catastrophe/disaster related
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
GV Attending physician not employed or paid under arrangement by the patient's hospice provider
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
GZ Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
MG The order for this service does not have applicable appropriate use criteria in the qualified clinical decision support mechanism consulted by the ordering professional
Q1 Routine clinical service provided in a clinical research study that is in an approved clinical research study
Q6 Service furnished under a fee-for-time compensation arrangement by a substitute physician or by a substitute physical therapist furnishing outpatient physical therapy services in a health professional shortage area, a medically underserved area, or a rural area
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
SG Ambulatory surgical center (asc) facility service
X4 Episodic/focused services: for reporting services by clinicians who provide focused care on particular types of treatment limited to a defined period and circumstance; the patient has a problem, acute or chronic, that will be treated with surgery, radiation, or some other type of generally time-limited intervention; reporting clinician service examples include but are not limited to, the orthopedic surgeon performing a knee replacement and seeing the patient through the postoperative period
X5 Diagnostic services requested by another clinician: for reporting services by a clinician who furnishes care to the patient only as requested by another clinician or subsequent and related services requested by another clinician; this modifier is reported for patient relationships that may not be adequately captured by the above alternative categories; reporting clinician service examples include but are not limited to, the radiologist's interpretation of an imaging study requested by another clinician
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
Date
Action
Notes
2017-01-01 Changed Moderate (Conscious) Sedation flag removed. See new Moderate Sedation category.
2015-01-01 Changed Description Changed
2015-01-01 Note AMA Guideline removed.
2011-01-01 Changed Short description changed.
2004-01-01 Added First appearance in code book in 2004.
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