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Official Description

Open treatment of orbital floor blowout fracture; transantral approach (Caldwell-Luc type operation)

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The procedure described by CPT® Code 21385 involves the open treatment of an orbital floor blowout fracture using a transantral approach, specifically the Caldwell-Luc type operation. This surgical intervention is aimed at repairing the orbital floor, which is a critical structure that supports the eye and is often compromised in cases of mid-facial trauma. An orbital floor blowout fracture can lead to significant complications, including entrapment of extraocular muscles, which can impair eye movement, as well as aesthetic deformities of the face. The transantral approach allows the surgeon to access the orbital floor through the mouth, minimizing external scarring while providing direct access to the fracture site. The procedure involves several meticulous steps, including the retraction of the upper lip to expose the gingivobuccal sulcus, making a horizontal incision, and elevating the periosteum to access the maxillary sinus. This approach not only facilitates the repair of the fracture but also ensures that any herniated orbital contents are properly managed, restoring both the anatomical integrity and functional capabilities of the eye. The use of an implant may be necessary if there is a bony deficit, and careful attention is given to hemostasis before closing the incision with sutures, ensuring optimal recovery and outcomes for the patient.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The open treatment of an orbital floor blowout fracture using a transantral approach is indicated for patients who present with specific symptoms and conditions associated with this type of injury. These indications include:

  • Orbital Floor Blowout Fracture - This procedure is performed when there is a fracture of the orbital floor, which may result from trauma to the mid-facial region.
  • Extraocular Muscle Entrapment - Indications include cases where there is entrapment of the extraocular muscles, leading to impaired eye movement.
  • Aesthetic Facial Deformity - The procedure is indicated for patients who exhibit visible deformities in the facial structure due to the fracture.
  • Symptoms of Orbital Compromise - Patients may present with symptoms such as diplopia (double vision), enophthalmos (sunken eye), or other visual disturbances resulting from the fracture.

2. Procedure

The open treatment of an orbital floor blowout fracture via the transantral approach involves several critical procedural steps:

  • Step 1: Exposure of the Surgical Site - The procedure begins with the retraction of the upper lip to expose the gingivobuccal sulcus. A horizontal incision is then made superior to the sulcus, creating a wide mucosal band that allows for adequate access to the underlying structures.
  • Step 2: Elevation of the Periosteum - Using a periosteal elevator, the surgeon elevates the periosteum and the overlying soft tissue from the underlying maxillary bone, ensuring that the surgical field is clear for further intervention.
  • Step 3: Accessing the Maxillary Sinus - An antral window is created through the maxillary sinus via a Caldwell-Luc antrostomy, allowing visualization of the maxillary sinus and preservation of the bone fragment.
  • Step 4: Management of Herniated Orbital Contents - The surgeon visualizes the maxillary sinus and addresses any herniated orbital contents, either removing or repositioning them back into the orbit to restore normal anatomy.
  • Step 5: Fracture Reduction and Implantation - The fracture is carefully reduced, and if a bony deficit is present, an implant may be inserted to provide structural support and restore the integrity of the orbital floor.
  • Step 6: Hemostasis and Closure - The surgical team checks the sinus cavity for hemostasis to prevent postoperative bleeding. The antral wall bone fragment is then replaced, and the incision is meticulously closed with sutures to ensure proper healing.

3. Post-Procedure

After the completion of the procedure, patients are typically monitored for any signs of complications, such as bleeding or infection. Post-operative care may include pain management and instructions for activity restrictions to promote healing. Patients are advised to follow up with their healthcare provider to assess recovery and ensure that any visual disturbances or other symptoms are adequately addressed. The expected recovery period may vary depending on the extent of the injury and the individual patient's healing process.

Short Descr OPN TX ORBIT FX TRANSANTRAL
Medium Descr OPEN TX ORBITAL FLOOR BLOWOUT FX TRANSANTRAL
Long Descr Open treatment of orbital floor blowout fracture; transantral approach (Caldwell-Luc type operation)
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 1 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures applies.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 2 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery does not apply to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 1 - Co-surgeons could be paid, though supporting documentation is required...
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P3D - Major procedure, orthopedic - other
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 144 - Treatment, facial fracture or dislocation
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
Date
Action
Notes
2013-01-01 Changed Short Descriptor changed.
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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