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Official Description

Lengthening of tendon, flexor, hand or finger, each tendon

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The procedure described by CPT® Code 26478 involves the lengthening of a flexor tendon in the hand or finger. This surgical intervention is typically indicated for correcting a flexion deformity, which can occur due to various factors, including the late effects of injuries or chronic conditions such as severe rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. The flexor tendons are responsible for bending the fingers and hand, and when they become too short or tight, they can lead to a condition where the fingers cannot fully extend, resulting in a deformity. The surgical technique for lengthening the tendon involves making a skin incision over the affected tendon, followed by careful dissection of the surrounding soft tissues to expose the tendon. A Z-shaped incision is then created in the tendon itself, which allows the tendon fibers to slide apart when the wrist is flexed or extended, effectively lengthening the tendon. After the tendon is lengthened, sutures are placed to secure it in this new, elongated position. To ensure proper healing and maintain the length achieved during the procedure, the hand or finger is immobilized in a splint or cast. It is important to note that this code is applicable for each tendon that is lengthened during the procedure, emphasizing the need for accurate reporting in medical coding practices.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure for lengthening a flexor tendon in the hand or finger, as described by CPT® Code 26478, is indicated for the following conditions:

  • Flexion Deformity A condition where the fingers or hand cannot fully extend due to the shortening of the flexor tendons.
  • Late Effects of Injuries Deformities resulting from previous injuries that have caused the flexor tendons to become tight or shortened.
  • Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis A chronic inflammatory disorder that can lead to joint damage and deformities in the hand and fingers.
  • Osteoarthritis A degenerative joint disease that may result in changes to the tendons and joints, contributing to flexion deformities.

2. Procedure

The procedure for lengthening a flexor tendon involves several key steps that are crucial for achieving the desired outcome.

  • Step 1: Incision A skin incision is made over the tendon that is to be lengthened. This incision allows access to the underlying structures while minimizing damage to surrounding tissues.
  • Step 2: Dissection The surgeon carefully dissects the soft tissues surrounding the tendon to expose it fully. This step is essential to ensure that the tendon can be manipulated without obstruction.
  • Step 3: Z-shaped Incision A Z-shaped incision is created in the tendon itself. This specific incision pattern is designed to allow the tendon fibers to slide apart, facilitating the lengthening process as the wrist is flexed or extended.
  • Step 4: Suturing After the tendon has been lengthened, sutures are placed to secure the tendon in its new, elongated position. This stabilization is critical for the healing process.
  • Step 5: Immobilization Finally, the hand or finger is immobilized in a splint or cast. This immobilization is necessary to maintain the length achieved during the procedure and to promote proper healing of the tendon.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care following the lengthening of a flexor tendon is essential for optimal recovery. The immobilization of the hand or finger in a splint or cast is maintained for a specified period to ensure that the tendon heals in the lengthened position. Patients may be advised to avoid any activities that could strain the tendon during the healing phase. Follow-up appointments are typically scheduled to monitor the healing process and to assess the need for physical therapy or rehabilitation exercises to restore function and mobility in the hand or finger once the immobilization is removed. It is important for patients to adhere to the post-operative care instructions provided by their healthcare provider to achieve the best possible outcomes.

Short Descr LENGTHENING OF HAND TENDON
Medium Descr LENGTHENING TENDON FLEXOR HAND/FINGER EACH
Long Descr Lengthening of tendon, flexor, hand or finger, each tendon
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 0 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
ASC Payment Indicator Surgical procedure on ASC list in CY 2007; payment based on OPPS relative payment weight.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P3D - Major procedure, orthopedic - other
MUE 6
CCS Clinical Classification 160 - Other therapeutic procedures on muscles and tendons
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
52 Reduced services: under certain circumstances a service or procedure is partially reduced or eliminated at the discretion of the physician or other qualified health care professional. under these circumstances the service provided can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 52, signifying that the service is reduced. this provides a means of reporting reduced services without disturbing the identification of the basic service. note: for hospital outpatient reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well-being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
82 Assistant surgeon (when qualified resident surgeon not available): the unavailability of a qualified resident surgeon is a prerequisite for use of modifier 82 appended to the usual procedure code number(s).
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
F1 Left hand, second digit
F2 Left hand, third digit
F3 Left hand, fourth digit
F4 Left hand, fifth digit
F5 Right hand, thumb
F6 Right hand, second digit
F7 Right hand, third digit
F8 Right hand, fourth digit
F9 Right hand, fifth digit
FA Left hand, thumb
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
GV Attending physician not employed or paid under arrangement by the patient's hospice provider
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
SG Ambulatory surgical center (asc) facility service
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
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Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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