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Official Description

Capsulodesis, metacarpophalangeal joint; single digit

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

Capsulodesis is a surgical procedure aimed at correcting deformities in the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of the finger, specifically addressing issues related to flexion or extension. This procedure is particularly relevant for patients who experience functional limitations due to these deformities. The MCP joint is a critical joint in the hand that allows for the movement of the fingers, and any deformity can significantly impact hand function. During the capsulodesis, a surgical incision is made over the affected MCP joint to access the underlying structures. The procedure involves the exposure of the flexor pollicis longus tendon and the excision of a portion of its tendon sheath, which is essential for the subsequent steps. The volar plate, a fibrous structure that stabilizes the MCP joint, is also manipulated during the procedure. By incising the volar plate at its proximal and lateral attachments, the intrinsic muscles are divided, allowing for better positioning of the finger. The finger is then placed in a slightly flexed position to optimize its functional capabilities. The volar plate is secured against the metacarpal neck using a Kirschner wire, which helps maintain the desired position of the finger post-surgery. This procedure is coded as CPT® Code 26516 for capsulodesis of a single digit, with additional codes available for multiple digits.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The capsulodesis procedure is indicated for patients presenting with specific deformities or functional impairments of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint. The following conditions may warrant the performance of this procedure:

  • Flexion Deformity - A condition where the finger is unable to extend fully at the MCP joint, leading to a bent appearance and functional limitations.
  • Extension Deformity - A situation where the finger cannot flex properly at the MCP joint, resulting in difficulties with grasping and manipulation of objects.
  • Joint Instability - Instances where the MCP joint lacks stability, causing pain and dysfunction during hand movements.

2. Procedure

The capsulodesis procedure involves several critical steps to ensure the successful correction of the MCP joint deformity. The following outlines the procedural steps:

  • Step 1: Incision - A surgical incision is made over the affected MCP joint to provide access to the underlying anatomical structures. This incision is carefully placed to minimize damage to surrounding tissues.
  • Step 2: Exposure of the Flexor Pollicis Longus - Once the incision is made, the flexor pollicis longus tendon is exposed. This tendon plays a significant role in finger movement, and its proper handling is crucial for the success of the procedure.
  • Step 3: Excision of the Tendon Sheath - A portion of the tendon sheath is excised to facilitate the retraction of the tendon and allow for better visualization of the volar plate.
  • Step 4: Incision of the Volar Plate - The volar plate is incised at its proximal and lateral attachments. This step is essential for dividing the intrinsic muscles, which allows for the necessary adjustments to the joint structure.
  • Step 5: Positioning of the Finger - The finger is positioned in a slightly flexed position. This positioning is critical as it maximizes the functional capabilities of the finger post-surgery.
  • Step 6: Contact and Fixation - The volar plate is placed in direct contact with the metacarpal neck. A Kirschner wire is then drilled into the bone to secure the volar plate against the metacarpal bone, maintaining the finger in the desired position.

3. Post-Procedure

After the capsulodesis procedure, patients can expect a recovery period that may involve immobilization of the finger to ensure proper healing. The finger will typically be placed in a splint or cast to maintain the corrected position and prevent movement that could disrupt the surgical site. Follow-up appointments will be necessary to monitor healing and assess the function of the MCP joint. Rehabilitation exercises may be introduced gradually to restore mobility and strength to the finger, depending on the surgeon's recommendations. It is essential for patients to adhere to post-operative care instructions to optimize recovery and achieve the best functional outcomes.

Short Descr FUSION OF KNUCKLE JOINT
Medium Descr CAPSULODESIS MTCARPHLNGL JOINT SINGLE DIGIT
Long Descr Capsulodesis, metacarpophalangeal joint; single digit
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 1 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures applies.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 0 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
ASC Payment Indicator Surgical procedure on ASC list in CY 2007; payment based on OPPS relative payment weight.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P5B - Ambulatory procedures - musculoskeletal
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 162 - Other OR therapeutic procedures on joints
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
80 Assistant surgeon: surgical assistant services may be identified by adding modifier 80 to the usual procedure number(s).
81 Minimum assistant surgeon: minimum surgical assistant services are identified by adding modifier 81 to the usual procedure number.
82 Assistant surgeon (when qualified resident surgeon not available): the unavailability of a qualified resident surgeon is a prerequisite for use of modifier 82 appended to the usual procedure code number(s).
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
CR Catastrophe/disaster related
F1 Left hand, second digit
F2 Left hand, third digit
F3 Left hand, fourth digit
F4 Left hand, fifth digit
F5 Right hand, thumb
F6 Right hand, second digit
F7 Right hand, third digit
F8 Right hand, fourth digit
F9 Right hand, fifth digit
FA Left hand, thumb
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
SG Ambulatory surgical center (asc) facility service
TA Left foot, great toe
XE Separate encounter, a service that is distinct because it occurred during a separate encounter
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
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Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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