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Official Description

Arthroplasty, interphalangeal joint; with prosthetic implant, each joint

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The procedure described by CPT® Code 26536 refers to an arthroplasty of the interphalangeal joint that involves the placement of a prosthetic implant. This surgical intervention is performed on the interphalangeal (IP) joint, which is the joint located between the phalanges (bones) of the fingers and toes. The procedure begins with an incision made over either the dorsal (back) or volar (front) aspect of the joint, allowing access to the underlying structures. During the surgery, careful dissection of the soft tissues is performed to expose the tendons while protecting the surrounding blood vessels and nerves. In contrast to CPT® Code 26535, which describes arthroplasty without the use of a prosthetic implant, CPT® Code 26536 specifically involves the replacement of the diseased joint with a prosthetic implant. The surgical steps include exposing and incising the joint capsule, excising any diseased joint tissue and bone spurs, and smoothing the articular cartilage. The joint is then flushed with sterile saline to remove any debris. Once the joint is adequately prepared, the procedure continues with the excision of the head of either the proximal or middle phalanx, depending on which IP joint is being addressed. The proximal and middle or middle and distal phalanges are sized, and the centers of each bone are drilled to prepare for the insertion of the implant stems. A temporary prosthetic joint is utilized to verify the correct size before the permanent implant is inserted. The fit and movement of the permanent implant are checked to ensure proper placement before it is permanently seated in the joint. Finally, the soft tissues and skin are closed in layers, completing the procedure. This code is specifically used for each IP joint treated with arthroplasty and the implantation of a prosthetic joint, highlighting the complexity and specificity of the surgical intervention.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure described by CPT® Code 26536 is indicated for patients experiencing significant dysfunction or pain in the interphalangeal joint due to various conditions. These may include:

  • Severe Osteoarthritis - A degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage, leading to pain and reduced mobility.
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis - An autoimmune condition that causes inflammation in the joints, resulting in pain, swelling, and potential joint deformity.
  • Post-Traumatic Arthritis - Arthritis that develops following an injury to the joint, which may lead to chronic pain and dysfunction.
  • Joint Deformities - Abnormalities in the structure of the joint that can result from congenital conditions or previous injuries.
  • Failed Previous Joint Surgery - Situations where prior surgical interventions have not provided relief or have resulted in complications.

2. Procedure

The procedure for CPT® Code 26536 involves several detailed steps to ensure the successful implantation of a prosthetic joint. The process begins with the surgeon making an incision over the dorsal or volar aspect of the interphalangeal joint to gain access to the joint structures.

  • Step 1: Incision and Exposure The incision is carefully made, and the soft tissues are dissected to expose the tendons while taking precautions to protect the surrounding blood vessels and nerves.
  • Step 2: Joint Preparation The joint capsule is then exposed and incised. Diseased joint tissue and any bone spurs are excised to prepare the joint for the prosthetic implant. The articular cartilage is smoothed, and the joint is flushed with sterile saline to remove any debris.
  • Step 3: Bone Preparation Depending on which interphalangeal joint is being replaced, the head of either the proximal or middle phalanx is excised. The proximal and middle or middle and distal phalanges are sized, and the centers of each bone are drilled to prepare for the insertion of the implant stems.
  • Step 4: Temporary Prosthetic Joint Placement A temporary prosthetic joint is placed to ensure that the correct size has been selected. Adjustments are made as necessary until a good fit is achieved.
  • Step 5: Permanent Implant Insertion The permanent implant is then inserted into the joint. The size, fit, and movement of the permanent implant are checked to ensure proper placement before it is permanently seated in the joint.
  • Step 6: Closure Finally, the overlying soft tissues and skin are closed in layers to complete the procedure.

3. Post-Procedure

After the completion of the arthroplasty with prosthetic implant insertion, patients typically require post-operative care to ensure proper healing and recovery. This may include monitoring for any signs of infection, managing pain, and following rehabilitation protocols to restore function to the joint. Patients are often advised to engage in physical therapy to improve mobility and strength in the affected area. The duration of recovery can vary based on individual circumstances, but patients should expect to follow up with their healthcare provider to assess the success of the procedure and the functionality of the implant.

Short Descr REVISE/IMPLANT FINGER JOINT
Medium Descr ARTHROPLASTY INTERPHALANGEAL JT W/PROSTHETIC EA
Long Descr Arthroplasty, interphalangeal joint; with prosthetic implant, each joint
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 0 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
ASC Payment Indicator Device-intensive procedure added to ASC list in CY 2008 or later; paid at adjusted rate.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P5B - Ambulatory procedures - musculoskeletal
MUE 4
CCS Clinical Classification 154 - Arthroplasty other than hip or knee
22 Increased procedural services: when the work required to provide a service is substantially greater than typically required, it may be identified by adding modifier 22 to the usual procedure code. documentation must support the substantial additional work and the reason for the additional work (ie, increased intensity, time, technical difficulty of procedure, severity of patient's condition, physical and mental effort required). note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
73 Discontinued out-patient hospital/ambulatory surgery center (asc) procedure prior to the administration of anesthesia: due to extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient, the physician may cancel a surgical or diagnostic procedure subsequent to the patient's surgical preparation (including sedation when provided, and being taken to the room where the procedure is to be performed), but prior to the administration of anesthesia (local, regional block(s) or general). under these circumstances, the intended service that is prepared for but cancelled can be reported by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 73. note: the elective cancellation of a service prior to the administration of anesthesia and/or surgical preparation of the patient should not be reported. for physician reporting of a discontinued procedure, see modifier 53.
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
80 Assistant surgeon: surgical assistant services may be identified by adding modifier 80 to the usual procedure number(s).
81 Minimum assistant surgeon: minimum surgical assistant services are identified by adding modifier 81 to the usual procedure number.
82 Assistant surgeon (when qualified resident surgeon not available): the unavailability of a qualified resident surgeon is a prerequisite for use of modifier 82 appended to the usual procedure code number(s).
AQ Physician providing a service in an unlisted health professional shortage area (hpsa)
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
CR Catastrophe/disaster related
F1 Left hand, second digit
F2 Left hand, third digit
F3 Left hand, fourth digit
F4 Left hand, fifth digit
F5 Right hand, thumb
F6 Right hand, second digit
F7 Right hand, third digit
F8 Right hand, fourth digit
F9 Right hand, fifth digit
FA Left hand, thumb
GA Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
SG Ambulatory surgical center (asc) facility service
T2 Left foot, third digit
T3 Left foot, fourth digit
T4 Left foot, fifth digit
T6 Right foot, second digit
T8 Right foot, fourth digit
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
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Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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