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Official Description

Reconstruction, collateral ligament, metacarpophalangeal joint, single; with tendon or fascial graft (includes obtaining graft)

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

Reconstruction of the collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint, as described by CPT® Code 26541, is a surgical procedure aimed at repairing damage to the ligament that stabilizes the joint between the metacarpal bone and the proximal phalanx of the finger. This procedure is typically indicated following traumatic injuries, such as lacerations or ruptures, which can compromise the integrity and function of the MCP joint. The collateral ligament plays a crucial role in maintaining joint stability during hand movements, particularly in gripping and pinching actions. In cases where an open wound is present, the surgical approach involves exploring the wound, removing any devitalized tissue, and clearing away foreign materials to ensure a clean surgical field. For closed injuries, a volar incision is made over the affected MCP joint to access the underlying structures. The procedure includes careful dissection of the subcutaneous tissue and fascia, with particular attention to protecting the neurovascular bundles that supply the hand. Once the injured collateral ligament is exposed, the extent of the injury is assessed, and a tendon or fascial graft is utilized to reconstruct the ligament. Commonly harvested grafts include the palmaris longus tendon, although other tendons may also be used. The graft is meticulously attached to the remaining ligament or bony structures, ensuring proper tension and range of motion before the surgical site is closed in layers. This procedure is essential for restoring function and stability to the MCP joint following significant ligamentous injury.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

Reconstruction of the collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint is indicated for the following conditions:

  • Traumatic Injury The procedure is performed to address injuries such as lacerations or ruptures of the collateral ligament, which can occur due to accidents or sports-related activities.

2. Procedure

The procedure for reconstructing the collateral ligament of the MCP joint involves several critical steps to ensure effective repair and restoration of function.

  • Step 1: Wound Exploration If an open wound is present, the surgeon begins by exploring the wound site. This involves cleaning the area, debriding any devitalized tissue, and removing foreign materials to prepare for the surgical repair.
  • Step 2: Incision for Closed Injury In cases of closed injuries, a volar incision is made over the affected MCP joint. This incision allows access to the underlying structures while minimizing damage to surrounding tissues.
  • Step 3: Dissection The surgeon carefully dissects through the subcutaneous tissue and fascia to reach the collateral ligament. During this process, neurovascular bundles are identified and protected to prevent injury to these critical structures.
  • Step 4: Exposure and Evaluation Once the collateral ligament is exposed, the surgeon evaluates the extent of the injury. This assessment is crucial for determining the appropriate repair technique and graft selection.
  • Step 5: Graft Harvesting A separate incision is made over the site where the tendon or fascial graft will be harvested. The required length of tendon or fascia is excised, with the palmaris longus tendon being the most commonly used graft, although other tendons may also be utilized.
  • Step 6: Graft Attachment The harvested graft is then attached to the remnants of the collateral ligament or to bony structures using sutures or bone anchors. This step is critical for ensuring the stability and functionality of the reconstructed ligament.
  • Step 7: Tension Adjustment After the graft is secured, the surgeon evaluates the range of motion and adjusts the tension of the graft as needed to ensure optimal function of the MCP joint.
  • Step 8: Wound Closure Finally, the surgical site is closed in layers, ensuring that all tissues are properly aligned and secured to promote healing.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care following the reconstruction of the collateral ligament of the MCP joint typically involves monitoring for signs of infection, managing pain, and ensuring proper healing of the surgical site. Patients may be advised to limit movement of the affected joint initially to allow for adequate recovery. Rehabilitation exercises may be introduced gradually to restore range of motion and strength as healing progresses. Follow-up appointments are essential to assess the integrity of the repair and to make any necessary adjustments to the rehabilitation plan.

Short Descr REPAIR HAND JOINT WITH GRAFT
Medium Descr RCNSTJ COLTRL LIGM MTCARPHLNGL 1 W/TDN/FSCAL GRF
Long Descr Reconstruction, collateral ligament, metacarpophalangeal joint, single; with tendon or fascial graft (includes obtaining graft)
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 2 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery does not apply to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 1 - Co-surgeons could be paid, though supporting documentation is required...
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
ASC Payment Indicator Device-intensive procedure added to ASC list in CY 2008 or later; paid at adjusted rate.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P5B - Ambulatory procedures - musculoskeletal
MUE 4
CCS Clinical Classification 162 - Other OR therapeutic procedures on joints
22 Increased procedural services: when the work required to provide a service is substantially greater than typically required, it may be identified by adding modifier 22 to the usual procedure code. documentation must support the substantial additional work and the reason for the additional work (ie, increased intensity, time, technical difficulty of procedure, severity of patient's condition, physical and mental effort required). note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
52 Reduced services: under certain circumstances a service or procedure is partially reduced or eliminated at the discretion of the physician or other qualified health care professional. under these circumstances the service provided can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 52, signifying that the service is reduced. this provides a means of reporting reduced services without disturbing the identification of the basic service. note: for hospital outpatient reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well-being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
62 Two surgeons: when 2 surgeons work together as primary surgeons performing distinct part(s) of a procedure, each surgeon should report his/her distinct operative work by adding modifier 62 to the procedure code and any associated add-on code(s) for that procedure as long as both surgeons continue to work together as primary surgeons. each surgeon should report the co-surgery once using the same procedure code. if additional procedure(s) (including add-on procedure(s) are performed during the same surgical session, separate code(s) may also be reported with modifier 62 added. note: if a co-surgeon acts as an assistant in the performance of additional procedure(s), other than those reported with the modifier 62, during the same surgical session, those services may be reported using separate procedure code(s) with modifier 80 or modifier 82 added, as appropriate.
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
80 Assistant surgeon: surgical assistant services may be identified by adding modifier 80 to the usual procedure number(s).
81 Minimum assistant surgeon: minimum surgical assistant services are identified by adding modifier 81 to the usual procedure number.
82 Assistant surgeon (when qualified resident surgeon not available): the unavailability of a qualified resident surgeon is a prerequisite for use of modifier 82 appended to the usual procedure code number(s).
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
CR Catastrophe/disaster related
F1 Left hand, second digit
F2 Left hand, third digit
F3 Left hand, fourth digit
F4 Left hand, fifth digit
F5 Right hand, thumb
F6 Right hand, second digit
F7 Right hand, third digit
F8 Right hand, fourth digit
F9 Right hand, fifth digit
FA Left hand, thumb
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
SG Ambulatory surgical center (asc) facility service
T5 Right foot, great toe
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
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Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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