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The procedure described by CPT® Code 28415 refers to the open treatment of a calcaneal fracture, which involves the surgical intervention to repair a fracture in the calcaneus, the largest bone in the foot that forms the heel. This type of fracture typically occurs due to significant trauma, such as a fall from a height or a motor vehicle accident, resulting in a high-impact force to the heel. The calcaneus articulates with the cuboid bone in the front and the talus bone above, and fractures in this area can lead to complications, including damage to the subtalar joint, which may restrict the foot's ability to move inward (inversion) and outward (eversion). During the procedure, a surgical incision is made in an L-shape over the posterolateral aspect of the foot, positioned behind and below the lateral malleolus. This incision allows the surgeon to access the fracture site directly and inspect the subtalar joint for any associated injuries. The fracture is then reduced using bone elevators, and temporary wire fixation is applied to maintain the reduction while confirming the proper alignment through radiographic imaging. If necessary, internal fixation devices such as screws or a plate and screw system are utilized to stabilize the fracture. In cases where autogenous bone grafting is performed, indicated by the use of CPT® Code 28420, a separate incision is made to harvest bone graft material from the iliac crest or another donor site, which is then packed into the fracture site before securing the fixation device. Finally, the surgical site is irrigated, and the incision is closed with sutures to promote healing.
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The open treatment of a calcaneal fracture, as described by CPT® Code 28415, is indicated for patients who have sustained a fracture of the calcaneus due to high-impact trauma. The following conditions may warrant this surgical intervention:
The procedure for the open treatment of a calcaneal fracture involves several critical steps to ensure proper healing and restoration of function. The following procedural steps are performed:
Post-procedure care following the open treatment of a calcaneal fracture includes monitoring for signs of infection, managing pain, and ensuring proper wound healing. Patients may be advised to keep the foot elevated and to limit weight-bearing activities during the initial recovery phase. Follow-up appointments are essential to assess the healing process and to perform any necessary imaging studies to confirm the integrity of the fixation and the alignment of the fracture. Rehabilitation may be recommended to restore mobility and strength in the foot and ankle as healing progresses.
| Short Descr | TREAT HEEL FRACTURE | Medium Descr | OPEN TREATMENT CALCANEAL FRACTURE | Long Descr | Open treatment of calcaneal fracture, includes internal fixation, when performed; | Status Code | Active Code | Global Days | 090 - Major Surgery | PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) | 0 - Physician Service Code | Multiple Procedures (51) | 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply. | Bilateral Surgery (50) | 1 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures applies. | Physician Supervisions | 09 - Concept does not apply. | Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) | 2 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery does not apply to this procedure... | Co-Surgeons (62) | 1 - Co-surgeons could be paid, though supporting documentation is required... | Team Surgery (66) | 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure. | Diagnostic Imaging Family | 99 - Concept Does Not Apply | APC Status Indicator | Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC | ASC Payment Indicator | Device-intensive procedure added to ASC list in CY 2008 or later; paid at adjusted rate. | Type of Service (TOS) | 2 - Surgery | Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) | P3D - Major procedure, orthopedic - other | MUE | 1 | CCS Clinical Classification | 147 - Treatment, fracture or dislocation of lower extremity (other than hip or femur) |
| RT | Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body) | 79 | Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.) | LT | Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body) | AS | Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery | 22 | Increased procedural services: when the work required to provide a service is substantially greater than typically required, it may be identified by adding modifier 22 to the usual procedure code. documentation must support the substantial additional work and the reason for the additional work (ie, increased intensity, time, technical difficulty of procedure, severity of patient's condition, physical and mental effort required). note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service. | 50 | Bilateral procedure: unless otherwise identified in the listings, bilateral procedures that are performed at the same session, should be identified by adding modifier 50 to the appropriate 5 digit code. note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d). | 51 | Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d). | 54 | Surgical care only: when 1 physician or other qualified health care professional performs a surgical procedure and another provides preoperative and/or postoperative management, surgical services may be identified by adding modifier 54 to the usual procedure number. | 58 | Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78. | 59 | Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25. | 62 | Two surgeons: when 2 surgeons work together as primary surgeons performing distinct part(s) of a procedure, each surgeon should report his/her distinct operative work by adding modifier 62 to the procedure code and any associated add-on code(s) for that procedure as long as both surgeons continue to work together as primary surgeons. each surgeon should report the co-surgery once using the same procedure code. if additional procedure(s) (including add-on procedure(s) are performed during the same surgical session, separate code(s) may also be reported with modifier 62 added. note: if a co-surgeon acts as an assistant in the performance of additional procedure(s), other than those reported with the modifier 62, during the same surgical session, those services may be reported using separate procedure code(s) with modifier 80 or modifier 82 added, as appropriate. | 77 | Repeat procedure by another physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a basic procedure or service was repeated by another physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 77 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service. | 78 | Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.) | 80 | Assistant surgeon: surgical assistant services may be identified by adding modifier 80 to the usual procedure number(s). | 81 | Minimum assistant surgeon: minimum surgical assistant services are identified by adding modifier 81 to the usual procedure number. | 82 | Assistant surgeon (when qualified resident surgeon not available): the unavailability of a qualified resident surgeon is a prerequisite for use of modifier 82 appended to the usual procedure code number(s). | AG | Primary physician | CR | Catastrophe/disaster related | GC | This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician | SG | Ambulatory surgical center (asc) facility service |
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| 2010-01-01 | Changed | Code description changed. |
| 2008-01-01 | Changed | Code description changed. |
| Pre-1990 | Added | Code added. |
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