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Official Description

Amputation, toe; metatarsophalangeal joint

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

An amputation of the toe, specifically through the metatarsophalangeal joint, is a surgical procedure that involves the complete removal of the toe at the joint where it connects to the foot. This procedure is also known as toe disarticulation. The metatarsophalangeal joint is the articulation between the metatarsal bone of the foot and the proximal phalanx of the toe. The surgery is performed when there are conditions that necessitate the removal of the toe, such as severe trauma, infection, or other pathological conditions affecting the toe. During the procedure, careful planning is essential, as the surgeon must determine the appropriate flap configuration and incision lines to ensure optimal healing and function post-surgery. The technique involves multiple steps, including the dissection of soft tissues, ligation of blood vessels, and severing of nerves, all of which are crucial for a successful amputation and subsequent recovery. The final step involves smoothing the metatarsal bone and closing the surgical site in layers to promote healing and minimize complications.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure of toe amputation through the metatarsophalangeal joint is indicated for various medical conditions that compromise the integrity or function of the toe. These indications may include:

  • Severe Trauma: Significant injuries to the toe that cannot be repaired or pose a risk of infection may necessitate amputation.
  • Infection: Persistent or severe infections that do not respond to conservative treatment may require amputation to prevent the spread of infection.
  • Pathological Conditions: Conditions such as tumors or severe deformities that affect the toe's structure and function may warrant surgical removal.

2. Procedure

The procedure for amputation through the metatarsophalangeal joint involves several critical steps, each performed with precision to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient. The steps include:

  • Step 1: The surgeon begins by determining the flap configuration and marking the incision lines on the skin to ensure proper alignment and healing.
  • Step 2: An incision is made through the skin, followed by deeper incisions into the underlying tissues to create a multilayer soft tissue flap.
  • Step 3: Dissection continues down to the level of the metatarsophalangeal joint, where fibrous tissue is carefully dissected to expose the joint capsule.
  • Step 4: The joint capsule is incised, allowing access to the joint itself. Blood vessels are then identified, ligated, and divided to control bleeding.
  • Step 5: Nerves are severed proximal to the blood vessels and allowed to retract into the surrounding soft tissue to minimize postoperative pain.
  • Step 6: The toe is then severed at the metatarsophalangeal joint, completing the amputation.
  • Step 7: The metatarsal bone is smoothed to ensure a clean surface, and the soft tissue flap is closed in layers over the metatarsal bone to promote healing.

3. Post-Procedure

After the procedure, patients can expect a recovery period that may involve pain management, wound care, and monitoring for any signs of infection. The surgical site will need to be kept clean and dry, and follow-up appointments will be necessary to assess healing and address any complications. Rehabilitation may also be recommended to help the patient adapt to the changes in foot structure and to regain mobility. The overall recovery time can vary based on the individual’s health status and adherence to post-operative care instructions.

Short Descr AMPUTATION OF TOE
Medium Descr AMPUTATION TOE METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT
Long Descr Amputation, toe; metatarsophalangeal joint
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 000 - Endoscopic or Minor Procedure
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 1 - Statutory payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
ASC Payment Indicator Surgical procedure on ASC list in CY 2007; payment based on OPPS relative payment weight.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P5B - Ambulatory procedures - musculoskeletal
MUE 6
CCS Clinical Classification 157 - Amputation of lower extremity
T6 Right foot, second digit
T1 Left foot, second digit
TA Left foot, great toe
T5 Right foot, great toe
T2 Left foot, third digit
T7 Right foot, third digit
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
T4 Left foot, fifth digit
T3 Left foot, fourth digit
T9 Right foot, fifth digit
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
T8 Right foot, fourth digit
SG Ambulatory surgical center (asc) facility service
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
22 Increased procedural services: when the work required to provide a service is substantially greater than typically required, it may be identified by adding modifier 22 to the usual procedure code. documentation must support the substantial additional work and the reason for the additional work (ie, increased intensity, time, technical difficulty of procedure, severity of patient's condition, physical and mental effort required). note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
52 Reduced services: under certain circumstances a service or procedure is partially reduced or eliminated at the discretion of the physician or other qualified health care professional. under these circumstances the service provided can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 52, signifying that the service is reduced. this provides a means of reporting reduced services without disturbing the identification of the basic service. note: for hospital outpatient reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well-being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
73 Discontinued out-patient hospital/ambulatory surgery center (asc) procedure prior to the administration of anesthesia: due to extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient, the physician may cancel a surgical or diagnostic procedure subsequent to the patient's surgical preparation (including sedation when provided, and being taken to the room where the procedure is to be performed), but prior to the administration of anesthesia (local, regional block(s) or general). under these circumstances, the intended service that is prepared for but cancelled can be reported by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 73. note: the elective cancellation of a service prior to the administration of anesthesia and/or surgical preparation of the patient should not be reported. for physician reporting of a discontinued procedure, see modifier 53.
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
80 Assistant surgeon: surgical assistant services may be identified by adding modifier 80 to the usual procedure number(s).
81 Minimum assistant surgeon: minimum surgical assistant services are identified by adding modifier 81 to the usual procedure number.
82 Assistant surgeon (when qualified resident surgeon not available): the unavailability of a qualified resident surgeon is a prerequisite for use of modifier 82 appended to the usual procedure code number(s).
93 Synchronous telemedicine service rendered via telephone or other real-time interactive audio-only telecommunications system : synchronous telemedicine service is defined as a real-time interaction between a physician or other qualified health care professional and a patient who is located away at a distant site from the physician or other qualified health care professional. the totality of the communication of information exchanged between the physician or other qualified health care professional and the patient during the course of the synchronous telemedicine service must be of an amount and nature that is sufficient to meet the key components and/or requirements of the same service when rendered via a face-to-face interaction.
AF Specialty physician
AG Primary physician
AQ Physician providing a service in an unlisted health professional shortage area (hpsa)
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
CC Procedure code change (use 'cc' when the procedure code submitted was changed either for administrative reasons or because an incorrect code was filed)
CR Catastrophe/disaster related
ET Emergency services
F1 Left hand, second digit
F2 Left hand, third digit
F3 Left hand, fourth digit
F4 Left hand, fifth digit
F5 Right hand, thumb
F6 Right hand, second digit
F7 Right hand, third digit
F8 Right hand, fourth digit
F9 Right hand, fifth digit
FA Left hand, thumb
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
GV Attending physician not employed or paid under arrangement by the patient's hospice provider
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
GZ Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary
KX Requirements specified in the medical policy have been met
PO Excepted service provided at an off-campus, outpatient, provider-based department of a hospital
Q6 Service furnished under a fee-for-time compensation arrangement by a substitute physician or by a substitute physical therapist furnishing outpatient physical therapy services in a health professional shortage area, a medically underserved area, or a rural area
SA Nurse practitioner rendering service in collaboration with a physician
TF Intermediate level of care
TL Early intervention/individualized family service plan (ifsp)
TT Individualized service provided to more than one patient in same setting
X4 Episodic/focused services: for reporting services by clinicians who provide focused care on particular types of treatment limited to a defined period and circumstance; the patient has a problem, acute or chronic, that will be treated with surgery, radiation, or some other type of generally time-limited intervention; reporting clinician service examples include but are not limited to, the orthopedic surgeon performing a knee replacement and seeing the patient through the postoperative period
XE Separate encounter, a service that is distinct because it occurred during a separate encounter
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
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Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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