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Official Description

Removal of left heart vent by thoracic incision (eg, sternotomy, thoracotomy) for ECMO/ECLS

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The procedure described by CPT® Code 33989 involves the removal of a left heart vent through a thoracic incision, which may be performed via sternotomy or thoracotomy. This procedure is typically indicated in the context of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) or Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) systems, where the left heart vent is initially inserted to alleviate pressure in the left ventricle. The left heart vent serves to decompress the left ventricle, particularly when the inflow during ECMO/ECLS is primarily from the right heart, leading to potential incomplete unloading of the left ventricle. The surgical approach requires careful access to the thoracic cavity, which is achieved by making an incision between the ribs or along the sternum to gain entry to the heart. The procedure necessitates meticulous handling of the heart structures and requires the closure of the left ventricle after the cannula is removed, ensuring that hemostasis is achieved before closing the chest. This procedure is critical for managing patients undergoing ECMO/ECLS, as it directly impacts the effectiveness of the support provided to the heart during critical care situations.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The removal of a left heart vent via thoracic incision is indicated in specific clinical scenarios related to the management of patients undergoing ECMO/ECLS. The following conditions may warrant this procedure:

  • Decompression of the Left Ventricle: The procedure is performed to relieve pressure in the left ventricle when it is not adequately unloaded during ECMO/ECLS.
  • Complications from ECMO/ECLS: If complications arise from the left heart vent, such as infection or malfunction, removal may be necessary.
  • Transitioning to Other Support: The procedure may be indicated when transitioning a patient from ECMO/ECLS to other forms of cardiac support or recovery.

2. Procedure

The procedure for the removal of a left heart vent involves several critical steps to ensure safety and effectiveness. The following outlines the procedural steps:

  • Step 1: The tubing connecting the left heart vent to the ECMO/ECLS circuit is clamped to prevent blood flow during the removal process. This step is crucial to minimize the risk of bleeding and ensure patient safety.
  • Step 2: The sterile dressing covering the previous incision site is carefully removed to prepare for access to the heart. This step ensures that the surgical field is clean and ready for the next phase of the procedure.
  • Step 3: A surgical incision is made to reopen the previous skin incision, allowing access to the thoracic cavity. This incision may be made between the ribs (thoracotomy) or along the sternum (sternotomy), depending on the initial approach used for the insertion of the left heart vent.
  • Step 4: The cannula, which was previously inserted into the apex of the left ventricle, is carefully removed. This step requires precision to avoid damaging the heart tissue.
  • Step 5: After the cannula is removed, the opening in the left ventricle is closed with sutures. This closure is critical to prevent any potential bleeding and to restore the integrity of the heart structure.
  • Step 6: The surgical team checks for any signs of bleeding to ensure adequate hemostasis has been achieved. This step is vital for patient safety and recovery.
  • Step 7: Once hemostasis is confirmed, the muscle, fascia, and skin layers are closed in a layered fashion, and a sterile dressing is applied to the incision site to promote healing and prevent infection.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care following the removal of a left heart vent is essential for patient recovery. Patients are typically monitored closely for any signs of complications, such as bleeding or infection at the incision site. Pain management is also an important aspect of post-operative care, as patients may experience discomfort following thoracic surgery. Additionally, healthcare providers will assess the patient's hemodynamic status and overall response to the procedure to ensure that the heart is functioning adequately without the support of the left heart vent. Follow-up imaging or assessments may be necessary to evaluate the heart's condition and ensure that the left ventricle is adequately decompressing without the vent in place.

Short Descr REMOVAL OF LEFT HEART VENT
Medium Descr RMVL LEFT HEART VENT BY THORACIC INCIS ECMO/ECLS
Long Descr Removal of left heart vent by thoracic incision (eg, sternotomy, thoracotomy) for ECMO/ECLS
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 000 - Endoscopic or Minor Procedure
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 0 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 1 - Co-surgeons could be paid, though supporting documentation is required...
Team Surgery (66) 1 - Team surgeons could be paid, though...
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Inpatient Procedures, not paid under OPPS
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P2F - Major procedure, cardiovascular-Other
MUE 1
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
82 Assistant surgeon (when qualified resident surgeon not available): the unavailability of a qualified resident surgeon is a prerequisite for use of modifier 82 appended to the usual procedure code number(s).
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
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2015-01-01 Added Added
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