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Official Description

Creation of arteriovenous fistula by other than direct arteriovenous anastomosis (separate procedure); autogenous graft

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The procedure described by CPT® Code 36825 involves the creation of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula using a method that is not a direct arteriovenous anastomosis, specifically utilizing an autogenous graft. An AV fistula is a surgically created connection between an artery and a vein, which is essential for patients requiring long-term hemodialysis. This connection allows for repeated access to the vascular system, facilitating the efficient removal and return of blood during dialysis treatments. The procedure begins with an incision made in the forearm at the site where the AV fistula will be established. The surgeon carefully selects and exposes the artery and vein, ensuring they are free from surrounding tissues. To manage blood flow during the procedure, vessel loops are placed around both the artery and vein. If an autogenous graft is indicated, a segment of vein, typically harvested from the saphenous vein in the leg, is prepared. This involves making an incision over the saphenous vein, dissecting the soft tissue, and ligating any branches before removing the desired segment. The graft is then sutured to the artery and vein, allowing for increased blood flow to the vein, which will subsequently enlarge and thicken, making it suitable for repeated punctures necessary for dialysis access. This procedure is critical for patients with renal failure who depend on hemodialysis for their treatment.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The creation of an arteriovenous fistula using an autogenous graft, as described by CPT® Code 36825, is indicated for patients who require long-term vascular access for hemodialysis. The following conditions may warrant this procedure:

  • Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients with advanced stages of CKD often require hemodialysis as a life-sustaining treatment.
  • End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Individuals diagnosed with ESRD need reliable vascular access for regular dialysis sessions.
  • Previous Failed Access Sites Patients who have had unsuccessful attempts at creating vascular access may need a new AV fistula.

2. Procedure

The procedure for creating an arteriovenous fistula using an autogenous graft involves several detailed steps:

  • Step 1: Incision and Exposure The surgeon begins by making an incision in the forearm over the planned site for the AV fistula. This incision allows access to the underlying blood vessels.
  • Step 2: Vessel Selection and Dissection The surgeon identifies the appropriate artery and vein for the fistula. These vessels are carefully dissected free from surrounding tissues to ensure they are adequately exposed for the procedure.
  • Step 3: Control of Blood Flow To manage blood flow during the procedure, vessel loops are placed around both the artery and vein. This step is crucial for maintaining a clear surgical field.
  • Step 4: Harvesting the Autogenous Graft If an autogenous graft is required, the surgeon makes an incision in the leg over the saphenous vein. The soft tissue is dissected away from the vein, and any branches are ligated and divided. The segment of the saphenous vein to be used is then ligated proximally and distally, divided, and removed from the leg.
  • Step 5: Graft Attachment The surgeon incises the artery and sutures one end of the harvested graft to the artery. The other end of the graft is then sutured to the vein, establishing the connection necessary for the AV fistula.
  • Step 6: Hemostasis and Closure After the graft is secured, the vessel loops are released, and hemostasis is checked to ensure there is no excessive bleeding. The incision is then closed appropriately.

3. Post-Procedure

Following the creation of the arteriovenous fistula, patients are typically monitored for any signs of complications, such as bleeding or infection. The expected recovery involves observing the site for proper healing and ensuring that the fistula is functioning correctly. Patients may be advised on care for the incision site and signs to watch for that could indicate issues with the fistula. Regular follow-up appointments are essential to assess the maturation of the fistula, which is necessary for effective hemodialysis access.

Short Descr ARTERY-VEIN AUTOGRAFT
Medium Descr CRTJ ARVEN FSTL XCP DIR ARVEN ANAST AUTOG GRF
Long Descr Creation of arteriovenous fistula by other than direct arteriovenous anastomosis (separate procedure); autogenous graft
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 2 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery does not apply to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 1 - Co-surgeons could be paid, though supporting documentation is required...
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
ASC Payment Indicator Surgical procedure on ASC list in CY 2007; payment based on OPPS relative payment weight.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P2F - Major procedure, cardiovascular-Other
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 57 - Creation, revision and removal of arteriovenous fistula or vessel-to-vessel cannula for dialysis

This is a primary code that can be used with these additional add-on codes.

36907 CPT Add On MPFS Status: Active Code APC N ASC N1 Transluminal balloon angioplasty, central dialysis segment, performed through dialysis circuit, including all imaging and radiological supervision and interpretation required to perform the angioplasty (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
36908 CPT Add On MPFS Status: Active Code APC N ASC N1 Transcatheter placement of intravascular stent(s), central dialysis segment, performed through dialysis circuit, including all imaging and radiological supervision and interpretation required to perform the stenting, and all angioplasty in the central dialysis segment (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
22 Increased procedural services: when the work required to provide a service is substantially greater than typically required, it may be identified by adding modifier 22 to the usual procedure code. documentation must support the substantial additional work and the reason for the additional work (ie, increased intensity, time, technical difficulty of procedure, severity of patient's condition, physical and mental effort required). note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
52 Reduced services: under certain circumstances a service or procedure is partially reduced or eliminated at the discretion of the physician or other qualified health care professional. under these circumstances the service provided can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 52, signifying that the service is reduced. this provides a means of reporting reduced services without disturbing the identification of the basic service. note: for hospital outpatient reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well-being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
53 Discontinued procedure: under certain circumstances, the physician or other qualified health care professional may elect to terminate a surgical or diagnostic procedure. due to extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient, it may be necessary to indicate that a surgical or diagnostic procedure was started but discontinued. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 53 to the code reported by the individual for the discontinued procedure. note: this modifier is not used to report the elective cancellation of a procedure prior to the patient's anesthesia induction and/or surgical preparation in the operating suite. for outpatient hospital/ambulatory surgery center (asc) reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
74 Discontinued out-patient hospital/ambulatory surgery center (asc) procedure after administration of anesthesia: due to extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient, the physician may terminate a surgical or diagnostic procedure after the administration of anesthesia (local, regional block(s), general) or after the procedure was started (incision made, intubation started, scope inserted, etc). under these circumstances, the procedure started but terminated can be reported by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 74. note: the elective cancellation of a service prior to the administration of anesthesia and/or surgical preparation of the patient should not be reported. for physician reporting of a discontinued procedure, see modifier 53.
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
80 Assistant surgeon: surgical assistant services may be identified by adding modifier 80 to the usual procedure number(s).
81 Minimum assistant surgeon: minimum surgical assistant services are identified by adding modifier 81 to the usual procedure number.
AG Primary physician
AQ Physician providing a service in an unlisted health professional shortage area (hpsa)
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
CC Procedure code change (use 'cc' when the procedure code submitted was changed either for administrative reasons or because an incorrect code was filed)
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
Q6 Service furnished under a fee-for-time compensation arrangement by a substitute physician or by a substitute physical therapist furnishing outpatient physical therapy services in a health professional shortage area, a medically underserved area, or a rural area
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
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