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Official Description

Hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC); autologous transplantation

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

Hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplantation, commonly known as hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation, is a medical procedure that involves the infusion of progenitor cells into a recipient's bloodstream. These progenitor cells, which are essential for the formation of blood cells, can be sourced from various locations within the body, including bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood. In the context of CPT® Code 38241, the transplantation is classified as autologous, meaning that the stem cells are harvested from the patient themselves, rather than from a donor (which would be termed allogeneic). Prior to the transplantation, the patient undergoes a preparatory phase that may include myeloablative or immunosuppressive conditioning to prepare the body for the incoming cells. The harvested progenitor cells are typically frozen and stored until the transplantation procedure is performed. During the actual procedure, these cells are thawed, prepared, and then infused intravenously into the patient, facilitating the restoration of healthy blood cell production. It is important to note that for allogeneic transplantation, a different code (CPT® Code 38240) is utilized, and if multiple donors are involved, each donor's contribution is reported separately using the same code. CPT® Code 38241 specifically pertains to the autologous transplantation of hematopoietic progenitor cells.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The indications for hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) autologous transplantation, as described under CPT® Code 38241, include a variety of conditions that necessitate the restoration of healthy blood cell production. These may encompass:

  • Malignant Hematologic Disorders Conditions such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, where the patient's own stem cells are used to recover from high-dose chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
  • Non-Malignant Disorders Certain non-malignant conditions, including severe aplastic anemia or inherited blood disorders, may also warrant the use of autologous HPC transplantation to restore normal hematopoiesis.

2. Procedure

The procedure for hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) autologous transplantation involves several critical steps, each essential for the successful outcome of the transplantation.

  • Step 1: Harvesting of Progenitor Cells The first step involves the collection of hematopoietic progenitor cells from the patient. This can be achieved through various methods, including bone marrow aspiration, peripheral blood collection after mobilization with growth factors, or collection of umbilical cord blood. The choice of method depends on the patient's condition and the availability of the cells.
  • Step 2: Cryopreservation Once harvested, the progenitor cells are processed and cryopreserved. This involves freezing the cells at very low temperatures to ensure their viability until the time of transplantation. Proper handling and storage are crucial to maintain the integrity of the cells.
  • Step 3: Conditioning Regimen Prior to the transplantation, the patient undergoes a conditioning regimen, which may include myeloablative therapy (high-dose chemotherapy and/or radiation) or immunosuppressive therapy. This step is vital to eliminate any malignant cells and to suppress the immune system, allowing for successful engraftment of the transplanted cells.
  • Step 4: Thawing and Preparation On the day of the transplant, the cryopreserved progenitor cells are thawed and prepared for infusion. This preparation ensures that the cells are in optimal condition for transplantation.
  • Step 5: Infusion of Progenitor Cells The final step involves the intravenous infusion of the prepared hematopoietic progenitor cells into the patient. This process is typically performed in a controlled clinical setting, where the patient can be monitored for any immediate reactions or complications.

3. Post-Procedure

After the hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) autologous transplantation, patients are closely monitored for several factors. This includes observing for signs of engraftment, which is the successful establishment of the transplanted cells in the bone marrow. Patients may experience a period of neutropenia (low white blood cell count) and thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), necessitating supportive care, including transfusions and antibiotics to prevent infections. The recovery phase can vary in duration, and patients are often advised to follow up regularly with their healthcare team to manage any complications and to monitor their overall health. Long-term follow-up is essential to assess the effectiveness of the transplant and to address any late effects of the conditioning regimen or the transplantation itself.

Short Descr TRANSPLT AUTOL HCT/DONOR
Medium Descr TRNSPLJ AUTOLOGOUS HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS PER DONOR
Long Descr Hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC); autologous transplantation
Status Code Restricted Coverage
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 0 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Procedure or Service, Not Discounted when Multiple
ASC Payment Indicator Non office-based surgical procedure added in CY 2008 or later; payment based on OPPS relative payment weight.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P1G - Major procedure - Other
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 64 - Bone marrow transplant
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
53 Discontinued procedure: under certain circumstances, the physician or other qualified health care professional may elect to terminate a surgical or diagnostic procedure. due to extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient, it may be necessary to indicate that a surgical or diagnostic procedure was started but discontinued. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 53 to the code reported by the individual for the discontinued procedure. note: this modifier is not used to report the elective cancellation of a procedure prior to the patient's anesthesia induction and/or surgical preparation in the operating suite. for outpatient hospital/ambulatory surgery center (asc) reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
AG Primary physician
AQ Physician providing a service in an unlisted health professional shortage area (hpsa)
CR Catastrophe/disaster related
FS Split (or shared) evaluation and management visit
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
GZ Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary
KX Requirements specified in the medical policy have been met
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
Q0 Investigational clinical service provided in a clinical research study that is in an approved clinical research study
Q1 Routine clinical service provided in a clinical research study that is in an approved clinical research study
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
Date
Action
Notes
2013-10-14 Changed Description Changed. Added "transplantation" effective 2013-10-14 per AMA Document dated 2014-03-24
2013-01-01 Changed Description Changed
1990-01-01 Added First appearance in code book in 1990.
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