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Official Description

Proctosigmoidoscopy, rigid; with decompression of volvulus

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

A rigid proctosigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure that involves the examination of the rectum and the lower part of the sigmoid colon using a rigid scope. This procedure is specifically performed to address a condition known as volvulus, which is characterized by the twisting of the intestines, leading to an obstruction. The procedure begins with the insertion of an obturator into the proctosigmoidoscope, which is then introduced into the anus and advanced approximately 5 centimeters into the rectum. Once the scope is in position, the obturator is removed, and an eyepiece is attached to allow for visualization. The scope is then advanced further into the rectum towards the site of the volvulus, utilizing air insufflation to gently separate the mucosal folds for better visibility. During the examination, the mucosa is meticulously inspected for any signs of ischemia or necrosis, which could indicate compromised blood flow or tissue death. If the mucosa appears to be healthy, a rectal tube is then passed beyond the twisted segment of the intestine to relieve the obstruction by allowing gas and stool to be expelled. After the procedure, the scope is removed, and the rectal tube is secured in place at the perianal region, where it is typically left in position for a duration of 48 hours to ensure proper drainage and monitoring of the condition.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure of rigid proctosigmoidoscopy with decompression of volvulus is indicated for patients presenting with specific gastrointestinal symptoms and conditions. These indications include:

  • Volvulus - A condition where the intestines twist, leading to obstruction and potential ischemia.
  • Intestinal Obstruction - Symptoms such as abdominal pain, distension, and inability to pass gas or stool may warrant this procedure.
  • Suspected Ischemia - The need to assess the health of the intestinal mucosa in cases where ischemia or necrosis is suspected due to volvulus.

2. Procedure

The procedure of rigid proctosigmoidoscopy with decompression of volvulus involves several critical steps to ensure effective diagnosis and treatment. The steps are as follows:

  • Step 1: Preparation and Anesthesia - The patient is positioned appropriately, and local anesthesia may be administered to minimize discomfort during the procedure.
  • Step 2: Insertion of the Scope - An obturator is inserted into the proctosigmoidoscope, which is then gently introduced into the anus and advanced approximately 5 centimeters into the rectum.
  • Step 3: Visualization - The obturator is removed, and an eyepiece is attached to the scope, allowing the physician to visualize the rectal area. The scope is advanced further into the rectum towards the site of the volvulus.
  • Step 4: Air Insufflation - Air is insufflated through the scope to separate the mucosal folds, enhancing visibility for inspection.
  • Step 5: Mucosal Inspection - The mucosa is carefully inspected for any signs of ischemia or necrosis, which are critical indicators of the health of the intestinal tissue.
  • Step 6: Decompression - If the mucosa appears healthy, a rectal tube is passed beyond the twisted segment of the intestine to relieve the obstruction by allowing gas and stool to be expelled.
  • Step 7: Securing the Rectal Tube - After the decompression, the scope is removed, and the rectal tube is secured to the perianal region, where it is left in place for 48 hours to facilitate drainage and monitor the condition.

3. Post-Procedure

Following the rigid proctosigmoidoscopy with decompression of volvulus, patients are typically monitored for any immediate complications. The rectal tube, which is secured in place, is intended to remain for 48 hours to ensure proper drainage of gas and stool, thereby preventing re-obstruction. Patients may be advised to follow specific dietary guidelines and to report any unusual symptoms, such as increased pain, bleeding, or signs of infection. Follow-up appointments may be scheduled to assess recovery and to determine if further intervention is necessary.

Short Descr PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPY VOLVUL
Medium Descr PROCTOSGMDSC RIGID DCMPRN VOLVULUS
Long Descr Proctosigmoidoscopy, rigid; with decompression of volvulus
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 000 - Endoscopic or Minor Procedure
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 3 - Special payment adjustment rules for multiple endoscopic procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 1 - Statutory payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Endoscopic Base Code 45300  Proctosigmoidoscopy, rigid; diagnostic, with or without collection of specimen(s) by brushing or washing (separate procedure)
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
ASC Payment Indicator Surgical procedure on ASC list in CY 2007; payment based on OPPS relative payment weight.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P8C - Endoscopy - sigmoidoscopy
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 77 - Proctoscopy and anorectal biopsy
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
Date
Action
Notes
2017-01-01 Changed Moderate (Conscious) Sedation flag removed. See new Moderate Sedation category.
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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