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Official Description

Pathology consultation during surgery; each additional tissue block with frozen section(s) (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 88332 refers to a specific pathology consultation that occurs during surgical procedures, specifically focusing on each additional tissue block that is examined with frozen sections. In this context, a tissue block is defined as a sample of tissue that has been prepared for microscopic examination, submitted as a single specimen. The role of the pathologist in this scenario is critical, as they are tasked with evaluating the tissue to ascertain the presence or absence of disease, including malignancies, and to assess whether the surgical margins are free from disease. This evaluation is essential for guiding the surgeon's decisions during the operation. The process begins with a gross examination of the tissue block, followed by its rapid freezing and slicing into thin sections for microscopic analysis. The pathologist provides an initial verbal report detailing significant findings, such as the presence of neoplasms, the extent of any disease involvement, and the status of the surgical margins. A comprehensive written report is subsequently generated and included in the patient's medical record. It is important to note that CPT® Code 88332 is used in conjunction with other codes: 88329 is reported for pathology consultations during surgery without the examination of a tissue block, while 88331 is designated for the first tissue block and its associated frozen sections. CPT® Code 88332 is specifically reserved for each additional tissue block that undergoes frozen section analysis during the surgical procedure.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The indications for utilizing CPT® Code 88332 include scenarios where a pathologist's consultation is required during surgery to evaluate additional tissue blocks. This procedure is typically indicated in the following situations:

  • Assessment of Malignancy The pathologist examines the tissue to determine the presence or absence of cancerous cells.
  • Evaluation of Surgical Margins The procedure is performed to ensure that the surgical margins are free of disease, which is crucial for the success of the surgery.
  • Guidance for Surgical Decisions The findings from the tissue examination can influence the surgeon's approach during the operation, including the extent of tissue removal.

2. Procedure

The procedure associated with CPT® Code 88332 involves several critical steps that ensure accurate pathology consultation during surgery. Each step is essential for the effective evaluation of the tissue block.

  • Step 1: Tissue Block Preparation The surgeon collects a sample of tissue during the surgical procedure, which is then prepared as a tissue block. This involves processing the tissue to create a specimen suitable for microscopic examination.
  • Step 2: Gross Examination The pathologist conducts a gross examination of the tissue block to assess its overall characteristics and identify any visible abnormalities before further processing.
  • Step 3: Freezing and Sectioning The tissue block is rapidly frozen using a cryostat, allowing the pathologist to cut thin sections of the tissue for microscopic analysis. This step is crucial for preserving the cellular structure of the tissue.
  • Step 4: Microscopic Examination The pathologist examines the frozen sections microscopically to identify any pathological changes, including the presence of neoplasms or other diseases.
  • Step 5: Reporting Findings After the examination, the pathologist provides an initial verbal report to the surgical team, detailing significant findings such as the presence of malignancy and the status of surgical margins. A formal written report is also generated for the medical record.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care following the use of CPT® Code 88332 involves monitoring the patient for any immediate complications related to the surgical procedure. The pathologist's findings, as documented in the written report, are critical for guiding any further treatment decisions. The surgical team may need to adjust their approach based on the pathology results, particularly if malignancy is detected or if the surgical margins are not clear. Continuous communication between the pathologist and the surgical team is essential to ensure optimal patient outcomes.

Short Descr PATH CONSLTJ SURG EA ADD BLK
Medium Descr PATH CONSLTJ SURG EA ADDL BLK FROZEN SECTION
Long Descr Pathology consultation during surgery; each additional tissue block with frozen section(s) (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
Status Code Active Code
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 1 - Diagnostic Tests for Radiology Services
Multiple Procedures (51) 0 - No payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 0 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Items and Services Packaged into APC Rates
Type of Service (TOS) 3 - Consultation
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) T1G - Lab tests - other (Medicare fee schedule)
MUE 13
CCS Clinical Classification 234 - Pathology

This is an add-on code that must be used in conjunction with one of these primary codes.

88331 MPFS Status: Active Code APC Q1 PUB 100 CPT Assistant Article Pathology consultation during surgery; first tissue block, with frozen section(s), single specimen
0842T Add On Code Resequenced Code MPFS Status: Carrier Priced APC N Digitization of glass microscope slides for pathology consultation during surgery; each additional tissue block with frozen section(s) (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
88314 Addon Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N PUB 100 CPT Assistant Article Special stain including interpretation and report; histochemical stain on frozen tissue block (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
26 Professional component: certain procedures are a combination of a physician or other qualified health care professional component and a technical component. when the physician or other qualified health care professional component is reported separately, the service may be identified by adding modifier 26 to the usual procedure number.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
TC Technical component; under certain circumstances, a charge may be made for the technical component alone; under those circumstances the technical component charge is identified by adding modifier 'tc' to the usual procedure number; technical component charges are institutional charges and not billed separately by physicians; however, portable x-ray suppliers only bill for technical component and should utilize modifier tc; the charge data from portable x-ray suppliers will then be used to build customary and prevailing profiles
X5 Diagnostic services requested by another clinician: for reporting services by a clinician who furnishes care to the patient only as requested by another clinician or subsequent and related services requested by another clinician; this modifier is reported for patient relationships that may not be adequately captured by the above alternative categories; reporting clinician service examples include but are not limited to, the radiologist's interpretation of an imaging study requested by another clinician
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
AQ Physician providing a service in an unlisted health professional shortage area (hpsa)
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
XP Separate practitioner, a service that is distinct because it was performed by a different practitioner
CR Catastrophe/disaster related
Q6 Service furnished under a fee-for-time compensation arrangement by a substitute physician or by a substitute physical therapist furnishing outpatient physical therapy services in a health professional shortage area, a medically underserved area, or a rural area
XE Separate encounter, a service that is distinct because it occurred during a separate encounter
Q1 Routine clinical service provided in a clinical research study that is in an approved clinical research study
GV Attending physician not employed or paid under arrangement by the patient's hospice provider
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
77 Repeat procedure by another physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a basic procedure or service was repeated by another physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 77 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
90 Reference (outside) laboratory: when laboratory procedures are performed by a party other than the treating or reporting physician or other qualified health care professional, the procedure may be identified by adding modifier 90 to the usual procedure number.
91 Repeat clinical diagnostic laboratory test: in the course of treatment of the patient, it may be necessary to repeat the same laboratory test on the same day to obtain subsequent (multiple) test results. under these circumstances, the laboratory test performed can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 91. note: this modifier may not be used when tests are rerun to confirm initial results; due to testing problems with specimens or equipment; or for any other reason when a normal, one-time, reportable result is all that is required. this modifier may not be used when other code(s) describe a series of test results (eg, glucose tolerance tests, evocative/suppression testing). this modifier may only be used for laboratory test(s) performed more than once on the same day on the same patient.
CC Procedure code change (use 'cc' when the procedure code submitted was changed either for administrative reasons or because an incorrect code was filed)
GY Item or service statutorily excluded, does not meet the definition of any medicare benefit or, for non-medicare insurers, is not a contract benefit
Q5 Service furnished under a reciprocal billing arrangement by a substitute physician or by a substitute physical therapist furnishing outpatient physical therapy services in a health professional shortage area, a medically underserved area, or a rural area
Date
Action
Notes
2024-01-01 Changed Short Description changed.
2011-01-01 Changed Add-on code status changed. Long description revised. Short description changed. Guideline information changed.
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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Description
Code
Description
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