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Official Description

Right and left heart catheterization for congenital heart defect(s) including imaging guidance by the proceduralist to advance the catheter to the target zone(s); normal native connections

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

A combined right heart and left heart catheterization is a diagnostic procedure performed on patients with congenital heart defects. This procedure involves the insertion of catheters into both the right and left sides of the heart to assess the structure and function of the heart chambers and valves. The process begins with the cleansing of the skin over the catheter access sites to minimize the risk of infection. For the right heart catheterization, the typical access point is the right femoral vein located in the groin area. A small incision is made to facilitate the insertion of a needle into the vein, followed by the placement of a sheath to allow for the passage of a guidewire. The guidewire is carefully threaded through the venous system, navigating through the external iliac vein, inferior vena cava, and into the right atrium. Once the catheter is positioned within the right heart, various measurements, including blood pressure and oxygen levels, are taken, and the heart's anatomy is inspected. In addition to the right heart catheterization, a retrograde left heart catheterization is performed, typically through the brachial, axillary, or femoral artery. This involves puncturing the artery with a needle, placing a sheath, and threading a guidewire retrograde through the arterial system into the aorta and left heart chambers. The left heart structures, including the aortic valve, left ventricle, mitral valve, and left atrium, are evaluated for any congenital anomalies. Pressure measurements are also obtained across the aortic and mitral valves. The procedure may include additional imaging, such as a left ventriculogram or left atrial angiography, to provide further insight into the heart's condition. The entire process is crucial for diagnosing congenital heart defects, which can lead to significant complications if left untreated. The distinction between normal and abnormal connections in the heart is vital, as normal connections allow for proper blood flow, while abnormal connections can lead to serious conditions such as cyanotic defects.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure is indicated for patients with congenital heart defects, which may include a variety of structural anomalies of the heart. The following conditions are explicitly mentioned as indications for performing this catheterization:

  • Double outlet right ventricle - A condition where both the aorta and pulmonary artery arise from the right ventricle, leading to improper blood flow.
  • Endocardial cushion defects - A type of congenital heart defect characterized by a combination of atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect, resulting in a single common chamber.
  • Tetralogy of Fallot - A complex heart defect that includes four anatomical abnormalities, leading to insufficient oxygenation of blood.
  • Total anomalous pulmonary veins - A condition where the pulmonary veins do not connect normally to the left atrium, causing oxygen-rich blood to flow into the wrong part of the heart.
  • Transposition of great vessels - A serious condition where the aorta and pulmonary artery are switched, leading to two separate circulatory systems that do not communicate.

2. Procedure

The procedure consists of several detailed steps to ensure accurate assessment and diagnosis of congenital heart defects:

  • Step 1: Right Heart Catheterization - The procedure begins with the preparation of the right femoral vein, where the skin is cleansed. A small stab incision is made, and a needle is inserted into the vein. A sheath is then placed to facilitate the introduction of a guidewire. The guidewire is carefully threaded through the femoral vein, external iliac vein, inferior vena cava, and into the right atrium. Once the catheter is positioned in the right atrium, it is advanced into the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries. During this phase, the right heart chambers are inspected, and blood pressure and oxygen levels are measured. The tricuspid and pulmonary valves are evaluated, and pressure gradients are obtained. An angiogram of the right heart and/or pulmonary arteries may also be performed if necessary.
  • Step 2: Left Heart Catheterization - Following the right heart catheterization, a retrograde left heart catheterization is performed. The skin over the brachial, axillary, or femoral artery is prepped, and the artery is punctured with a needle. A sheath is placed, and a guidewire is inserted and threaded retrograde through the artery into the aorta, reaching the left ventricle and left atrium. A catheter is then advanced over the guidewire into the left heart. The guidewire is removed, and the aortic valve, left ventricle, mitral valve, and left atrium are inspected for any congenital anomalies. Pressure measurements are taken across the aortic and mitral valves, and additional imaging such as a left ventriculogram or left atrial angiography may be obtained. The catheter may also be positioned in the right and left coronary arteries to evaluate any anomalies present in these vessels.

3. Post-Procedure

After the completion of the catheterization procedure, the catheters are carefully withdrawn from the access sites. Compression dressings are applied to the puncture sites to minimize bleeding and promote healing. Patients are typically monitored for any complications or adverse effects following the procedure. The recovery process may vary depending on the individual patient's condition and the complexity of the congenital heart defect being evaluated. It is essential to ensure that the patient is stable and that any necessary follow-up care is arranged to address the findings from the catheterization.

Short Descr R&L HRT CATH CHD NML NT CNJ
Medium Descr R&L HRT CATH CHD IMG CATH TRGT ZONE NML NT CONNJ
Long Descr Right and left heart catheterization for congenital heart defect(s) including imaging guidance by the proceduralist to advance the catheter to the target zone(s); normal native connections
Status Code Carriers Price the Code
Global Days 000 - Endoscopic or Minor Procedure
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 1 - Diagnostic Tests for Radiology Services
Multiple Procedures (51) 0 - No payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 0 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) none
MUE 1

This is a primary code that can be used with these additional add-on codes.

93462 Addon Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N ASC N1 Left heart catheterization by transseptal puncture through intact septum or by transapical puncture (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93463 Addon Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N Pharmacologic agent administration (eg, inhaled nitric oxide, intravenous infusion of nitroprusside, dobutamine, milrinone, or other agent) including assessing hemodynamic measurements before, during, after and repeat pharmacologic agent administration, when performed (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93464 Addon Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N Physiologic exercise study (eg, bicycle or arm ergometry) including assessing hemodynamic measurements before and after (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93563 Addon Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N Injection procedure during cardiac catheterization including imaging supervision, interpretation, and report; for selective coronary angiography during congenital heart catheterization (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93564 Addon Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N Injection procedure during cardiac catheterization including imaging supervision, interpretation, and report; for selective opacification of aortocoronary venous or arterial bypass graft(s) (eg, aortocoronary saphenous vein, free radial artery, or free mammary artery graft) to one or more coronary arteries and in situ arterial conduits (eg, internal mammary), whether native or used for bypass to one or more coronary arteries during congenital heart catheterization, when performed (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93565 Add-on Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N Injection procedure during cardiac catheterization including imaging supervision, interpretation, and report; for selective left ventricular or left atrial angiography (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93566 Addon Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N ASC N1 Injection procedure during cardiac catheterization including imaging supervision, interpretation, and report; for selective right ventricular or right atrial angiography (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93567 Addon Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N ASC N1 Injection procedure during cardiac catheterization including imaging supervision, interpretation, and report; for supravalvular aortography (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93568 Addon Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N ASC N1 Injection procedure during cardiac catheterization including imaging supervision, interpretation, and report; for nonselective pulmonary arterial angiography (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93569 Add-on Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N Injection procedure during cardiac catheterization including imaging supervision, interpretation, and report; for selective pulmonary arterial angiography, unilateral (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93571 Addon Code MPFS Status: Carrier Priced APC N ASC N1 CPT Assistant Article Intravascular Doppler velocity and/or pressure derived coronary flow reserve measurement (coronary vessel or graft) during coronary angiography including pharmacologically induced stress; initial vessel (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93573 Add-on Code Resequenced Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N Injection procedure during cardiac catheterization including imaging supervision, interpretation, and report; for selective pulmonary arterial angiography, bilateral (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93574 Add-on Code Resequenced Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N Injection procedure during cardiac catheterization including imaging supervision, interpretation, and report; for selective pulmonary venous angiography of each distinct pulmonary vein during cardiac catheterization (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93575 Add-on Code Resequenced Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N Injection procedure during cardiac catheterization including imaging supervision, interpretation, and report; for selective pulmonary angiography of major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) arising off the aorta or its systemic branches, during cardiac catheterization for congenital heart defects, each distinct vessel (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93584 Add-on Code Resequenced Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N Venography for congenital heart defect(s), including catheter placement, and radiological supervision and interpretation; anomalous or persistent superior vena cava when it exists as a second contralateral superior vena cava, with native drainage to heart (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93585 Add On Code Resequenced Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N Venography for congenital heart defect(s), including catheter placement, and radiological supervision and interpretation; azygos/hemiazygos venous system (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93586 Add On Code Resequenced Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N Venography for congenital heart defect(s), including catheter placement, and radiological supervision and interpretation; coronary sinus (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93587 Add On Code Resequenced Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N Venography for congenital heart defect(s), including catheter placement, and radiological supervision and interpretation; venovenous collaterals originating at or above the heart (eg, from innominate vein) (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93588 Add On Code Resequenced Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N Venography for congenital heart defect(s), including catheter placement, and radiological supervision and interpretation; venovenous collaterals originating below the heart (eg, from the inferior vena cava) (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93598 Add-on Code MPFS Status: Carrier Priced APC N Cardiac output measurement(s), thermodilution or other indicator dilution method, performed during cardiac catheterization for the evaluation of congenital heart defects (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
93662 Addon Code MPFS Status: Carrier Priced APC N PUB 100 CPT Assistant Article Intracardiac echocardiography during therapeutic/diagnostic intervention, including imaging supervision and interpretation (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
22 Increased procedural services: when the work required to provide a service is substantially greater than typically required, it may be identified by adding modifier 22 to the usual procedure code. documentation must support the substantial additional work and the reason for the additional work (ie, increased intensity, time, technical difficulty of procedure, severity of patient's condition, physical and mental effort required). note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
26 Professional component: certain procedures are a combination of a physician or other qualified health care professional component and a technical component. when the physician or other qualified health care professional component is reported separately, the service may be identified by adding modifier 26 to the usual procedure number.
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
80 Assistant surgeon: surgical assistant services may be identified by adding modifier 80 to the usual procedure number(s).
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
GZ Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
Date
Action
Notes
2022-01-01 Added Code added
Code
Description
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