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Official Description

Repair and reconstruction, finger, volar plate, interphalangeal joint

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The procedure described by CPT® Code 26548 pertains to the surgical repair and reconstruction of the volar plate at the interphalangeal joint of the finger. The volar plate is a critical structure that provides stability to the joint, and injuries to this area often result from a combination of hyperextension and longitudinal compression forces, leading to an avulsion of the volar plate. This type of injury can significantly impair finger function and may require surgical intervention to restore normal anatomy and joint stability. The surgical approach involves making lateral incisions on both sides of the affected interphalangeal joint, allowing the surgeon to access the joint and its surrounding structures. During the procedure, a portion of the collateral ligaments may be excised to facilitate access, and the joint capsule is incised to expose the articular surfaces. The finger is then hyperextended to provide better visibility and access to the volar plate. A groove is created in the volar rim to re-establish the volar recess, allowing the volar plate to be advanced and secured in place. The use of drill holes in the phalanx ensures that the volar plate is firmly attached with sutures, and the joint is positioned in a flexed state to promote optimal healing. Kirschner wires are employed to immobilize the joint during the recovery phase, ensuring that the surgical repair remains stable as it heals.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure described by CPT® Code 26548 is indicated for the repair and reconstruction of the volar plate in cases of injury or avulsion at the interphalangeal joint of the finger. The following conditions may warrant this surgical intervention:

  • Volar Plate Avulsion - This occurs when the volar plate is torn away from its attachment, often due to trauma involving hyperextension and compression forces.
  • Joint Instability - Patients may present with instability of the interphalangeal joint, which can lead to impaired function and pain.
  • Chronic Pain - Persistent pain in the finger joint that does not respond to conservative treatment may necessitate surgical repair.
  • Loss of Range of Motion - Significant limitations in the range of motion of the finger joint due to volar plate injury may require reconstruction to restore function.

2. Procedure

The surgical procedure for the repair and reconstruction of the volar plate at the interphalangeal joint involves several critical steps, each designed to ensure proper restoration of the joint's anatomy and function:

  • Step 1: Incision - Lateral incisions are made on both sides of the affected interphalangeal joint. This approach allows for direct access to the joint and surrounding structures, facilitating the subsequent steps of the procedure.
  • Step 2: Ligament Excision - A portion of the collateral ligaments is excised to provide better access to the joint capsule and the volar plate. This step is essential for ensuring that the surgical field is clear and that the necessary structures can be adequately visualized and manipulated.
  • Step 3: Joint Capsule Incision - The joint capsule is incised to expose the articular surfaces of the interphalangeal joint. This incision is crucial for accessing the volar plate and allows the surgeon to perform the necessary repairs.
  • Step 4: Hyperextension of the Finger - The finger is hyperextended to facilitate access to the articular surfaces of the IP joint. This positioning is important for visualizing the volar plate and ensuring that it can be properly repaired.
  • Step 5: Creation of the Volar Groove - A groove is created in the volar rim to re-establish the volar recess. This groove serves as a new attachment point for the volar plate, allowing it to be secured in a stable position.
  • Step 6: Advancement and Securing of the Volar Plate - The volar plate is advanced into the surgically created groove. Drill holes are then made in the phalanx, and the volar plate is secured using sutures, ensuring that it is firmly attached and positioned correctly.
  • Step 7: Joint Positioning - The joint is placed in a flexed position of 20-30 degrees. This positioning is critical for optimal healing and function post-surgery.
  • Step 8: Immobilization - Kirschner wires are used to immobilize the joint, providing stability during the recovery phase and preventing movement that could disrupt the surgical repair.

3. Post-Procedure

After the completion of the surgical procedure, specific post-operative care is essential to ensure proper healing and recovery. Patients are typically advised to keep the finger immobilized using the Kirschner wires for a prescribed period to prevent movement at the joint. Pain management strategies may be implemented to address any discomfort following the surgery. Regular follow-up appointments are necessary to monitor the healing process and to assess the stability and function of the joint. Rehabilitation exercises may be introduced gradually to restore range of motion and strength as healing progresses. It is important for patients to adhere to the post-operative instructions provided by their healthcare provider to achieve the best possible outcomes.

Short Descr RECONSTRUCT FINGER JOINT
Medium Descr RPR & RCNSTJ FINGER VOLAR PLATE INTERPHALANGEAL
Long Descr Repair and reconstruction, finger, volar plate, interphalangeal joint
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 0 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
ASC Payment Indicator Surgical procedure on ASC list in CY 2007; payment based on OPPS relative payment weight.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P3D - Major procedure, orthopedic - other
MUE 3
CCS Clinical Classification 162 - Other OR therapeutic procedures on joints
22 Increased procedural services: when the work required to provide a service is substantially greater than typically required, it may be identified by adding modifier 22 to the usual procedure code. documentation must support the substantial additional work and the reason for the additional work (ie, increased intensity, time, technical difficulty of procedure, severity of patient's condition, physical and mental effort required). note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
52 Reduced services: under certain circumstances a service or procedure is partially reduced or eliminated at the discretion of the physician or other qualified health care professional. under these circumstances the service provided can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 52, signifying that the service is reduced. this provides a means of reporting reduced services without disturbing the identification of the basic service. note: for hospital outpatient reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well-being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
82 Assistant surgeon (when qualified resident surgeon not available): the unavailability of a qualified resident surgeon is a prerequisite for use of modifier 82 appended to the usual procedure code number(s).
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
F1 Left hand, second digit
F2 Left hand, third digit
F3 Left hand, fourth digit
F4 Left hand, fifth digit
F5 Right hand, thumb
F6 Right hand, second digit
F7 Right hand, third digit
F8 Right hand, fourth digit
F9 Right hand, fifth digit
FA Left hand, thumb
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
SG Ambulatory surgical center (asc) facility service
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
Date
Action
Notes
2013-01-01 Changed Medium Descriptor changed.
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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