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Official Description

Release, intrinsic muscles of hand, each muscle

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The procedure described by CPT® Code 26593 involves the release of the intrinsic muscles of the hand, which are essential for fine motor control and dexterity. The intrinsic muscles are categorized into four distinct groups: the thenar muscles, which control thumb movements; the hypothenar muscles, which manage movements of the small finger; the lumbrical muscles, which facilitate the flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints and extension of the interphalangeal joints; and the interossei muscles, which are responsible for the abduction and adduction of the fingers. This procedure is typically indicated when there are muscle imbalances, contractures, or deformities in the hand, often resulting from adhesions or scar tissue. The surgical approach involves making an incision over the affected muscle, carefully dissecting the surrounding soft tissues to expose the muscle, and excising any adhesions or scar tissue that may be contributing to the dysfunction. In some cases, the muscle may need to be detached from its bony attachments to effectively address the contracture or imbalance. After the release, the range of motion is assessed to confirm that the desired correction has been achieved before closing the soft tissues in layers. Each intrinsic muscle that is released during this procedure should be reported separately for accurate coding and billing purposes.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The release of intrinsic muscles of the hand, as described by CPT® Code 26593, is indicated for various conditions that affect the normal function of the hand. These indications include:

  • Muscle Imbalances - Conditions where the intrinsic muscles do not function properly, leading to difficulties in hand movements.
  • Contractures - Abnormal shortening of muscles or tendons that restricts movement, often caused by scar tissue or adhesions.
  • Deformities - Structural abnormalities in the hand that may arise from trauma, congenital issues, or other medical conditions.

2. Procedure

The procedure for releasing the intrinsic muscles of the hand involves several critical steps, which are detailed as follows:

  • Step 1: Incision - An incision is made over the specific intrinsic muscle that requires release. This incision is strategically placed to provide optimal access to the muscle while minimizing damage to surrounding tissues.
  • Step 2: Dissection - The surgeon carefully dissects the soft tissues surrounding the muscle to expose it fully. This step is crucial to ensure that the muscle is adequately visualized and that any adhesions or scar tissue can be effectively addressed.
  • Step 3: Excision of Adhesions - Any adhesions or scar tissue that may be restricting the muscle's movement are excised. This is an important step to restore normal function and range of motion to the affected muscle.
  • Step 4: Detachment (if necessary) - In cases where a muscle imbalance or contracture is present, the muscle may be detached from its bony attachments. This detachment allows for better correction of the abnormality and facilitates the restoration of normal muscle function.
  • Step 5: Range of Motion Assessment - After the release, the surgeon checks the range of motion to ensure that the desired correction has been achieved. This assessment is vital to confirm that the procedure has successfully addressed the underlying issue.
  • Step 6: Closure - Once the desired results are confirmed, the overlying soft tissues are closed in layers. This layered closure helps to promote proper healing and minimizes the risk of complications.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care following the release of intrinsic muscles of the hand typically involves monitoring for any signs of complications, such as infection or excessive swelling. Patients may be advised to engage in rehabilitation exercises to restore strength and flexibility in the hand. The recovery process may vary depending on the extent of the release and the individual patient's condition. Follow-up appointments are essential to assess healing and to ensure that the range of motion continues to improve. Patients should be instructed on proper wound care and any activity restrictions to promote optimal recovery.

Short Descr RELEASE MUSCLES OF HAND
Medium Descr RELEASE INTRINSIC MUSCLES HAND EACH MUSCLE
Long Descr Release, intrinsic muscles of hand, each muscle
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 1 - Statutory payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
ASC Payment Indicator Surgical procedure on ASC list in CY 2007; payment based on OPPS relative payment weight.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P3D - Major procedure, orthopedic - other
MUE 8
CCS Clinical Classification 160 - Other therapeutic procedures on muscles and tendons
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
F8 Right hand, fourth digit
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
XE Separate encounter, a service that is distinct because it occurred during a separate encounter
F2 Left hand, third digit
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
22 Increased procedural services: when the work required to provide a service is substantially greater than typically required, it may be identified by adding modifier 22 to the usual procedure code. documentation must support the substantial additional work and the reason for the additional work (ie, increased intensity, time, technical difficulty of procedure, severity of patient's condition, physical and mental effort required). note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
26 Professional component: certain procedures are a combination of a physician or other qualified health care professional component and a technical component. when the physician or other qualified health care professional component is reported separately, the service may be identified by adding modifier 26 to the usual procedure number.
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
80 Assistant surgeon: surgical assistant services may be identified by adding modifier 80 to the usual procedure number(s).
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
F1 Left hand, second digit
F3 Left hand, fourth digit
F4 Left hand, fifth digit
F5 Right hand, thumb
F6 Right hand, second digit
F7 Right hand, third digit
F9 Right hand, fifth digit
FA Left hand, thumb
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
SG Ambulatory surgical center (asc) facility service
X4 Episodic/focused services: for reporting services by clinicians who provide focused care on particular types of treatment limited to a defined period and circumstance; the patient has a problem, acute or chronic, that will be treated with surgery, radiation, or some other type of generally time-limited intervention; reporting clinician service examples include but are not limited to, the orthopedic surgeon performing a knee replacement and seeing the patient through the postoperative period
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
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Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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