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Official Description

Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with bronchial or endobronchial biopsy(s), single or multiple sites

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The procedure described by CPT® Code 31625 involves the use of a bronchoscope, which can be either rigid or flexible, to perform a detailed examination of the airways. This procedure includes the use of fluoroscopic guidance when necessary. The bronchoscope is inserted through the patient's nose or mouth and is carefully advanced into the oropharynx, allowing for a thorough examination of this area. During the procedure, the vocal cords are visualized and assessed for any abnormalities. Following this initial examination, the bronchoscope is further advanced into the trachea, which is also inspected for any irregularities. The scope is then maneuvered into each mainstem bronchus, where any identified abnormalities can be documented. In cases where a rigid bronchoscope is utilized, a telescope or flexible bronchoscope may be introduced through the rigid bronchoscope to enhance visualization of the distal segments of the mainstem bronchi. The procedure culminates in the collection of tissue samples from the bronchial or endobronchial regions using biopsy forceps, allowing for single or multiple biopsies to be performed as needed. This comprehensive approach aids in diagnosing various pulmonary conditions by obtaining tissue samples for further analysis.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure described by CPT® Code 31625 is indicated for various clinical scenarios where direct visualization and biopsy of the bronchial or endobronchial tissues are necessary. The following conditions may warrant the performance of this procedure:

  • Suspicion of Lung Cancer - When there is a clinical suspicion of malignancy based on imaging studies or symptoms, bronchoscopy allows for direct tissue sampling.
  • Persistent Cough - In cases where a patient presents with a chronic cough that does not respond to standard treatments, bronchoscopy can help identify underlying causes.
  • Hemoptysis - The presence of blood in the sputum may necessitate bronchoscopy to determine the source and nature of the bleeding.
  • Infection - Suspected infections, such as pneumonia or tuberculosis, may require biopsy for definitive diagnosis.
  • Interstitial Lung Disease - In cases of unexplained interstitial lung disease, bronchoscopy can assist in obtaining samples for histological examination.

2. Procedure

The procedure for CPT® Code 31625 involves several key steps that ensure a thorough examination and biopsy of the bronchial tissues. The following procedural steps are performed:

  • Step 1: Preparation and Anesthesia - The patient is positioned appropriately, and local anesthesia may be administered to minimize discomfort during the procedure. Sedation may also be provided to ensure patient comfort.
  • Step 2: Insertion of the Bronchoscope - A rigid or flexible bronchoscope is inserted through the patient's nose or mouth. The bronchoscope is carefully advanced into the oropharynx, allowing for an initial examination of this area.
  • Step 3: Examination of the Vocal Cords - The vocal cords are visualized and examined for any abnormalities, which may indicate underlying pathology.
  • Step 4: Advancement into the Trachea - The bronchoscope is further advanced into the trachea, where it is inspected for any irregularities or lesions.
  • Step 5: Visualization of Mainstem Bronchi - The bronchoscope is maneuvered into each mainstem bronchus, allowing for a detailed examination of these structures. Any abnormalities noted during this phase are documented.
  • Step 6: Biopsy Collection - If necessary, biopsy forceps are advanced through the bronchoscope to obtain one or more tissue samples from the bronchial or endobronchial regions. This step is crucial for diagnosing various pulmonary conditions.

3. Post-Procedure

After the completion of the bronchoscopy and biopsy, the patient is monitored for any immediate complications, such as bleeding or respiratory distress. It is common for patients to experience some throat discomfort or cough following the procedure. Instructions for post-procedure care typically include avoiding strenuous activities and monitoring for any signs of complications. The results of the biopsies are usually communicated to the patient after the samples have been analyzed, which may take several days. Follow-up appointments may be scheduled to discuss the findings and any further management required based on the results.

Short Descr BRONCHOSCOPY W/BIOPSY(S)
Medium Descr BRONCHOSCOPY BRONCHIAL/ENDOBRNCL BX 1+ SITES
Long Descr Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with bronchial or endobronchial biopsy(s), single or multiple sites
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 000 - Endoscopic or Minor Procedure
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 3 - Special payment adjustment rules for multiple endoscopic procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 1 - Statutory payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Endoscopic Base Code 31622  Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; diagnostic, with cell washing, when performed (separate procedure)
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
ASC Payment Indicator Surgical procedure on ASC list in CY 2007; payment based on OPPS relative payment weight.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P8F - Endoscopy - bronchoscopy
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 37 - Diagnostic bronchoscopy and biopsy of bronchus

This is a primary code that can be used with these additional add-on codes.

31627 Addon Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N ASC N1 CPT Assistant Article Illustration for Code Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with computer-assisted, image-guided navigation (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure[s])
31654 Addon Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N ASC N1 Bronchoscopy, rigid or flexible, including fluoroscopic guidance, when performed; with transendoscopic endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) during bronchoscopic diagnostic or therapeutic intervention(s) for peripheral lesion(s) (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure[s])
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
XE Separate encounter, a service that is distinct because it occurred during a separate encounter
22 Increased procedural services: when the work required to provide a service is substantially greater than typically required, it may be identified by adding modifier 22 to the usual procedure code. documentation must support the substantial additional work and the reason for the additional work (ie, increased intensity, time, technical difficulty of procedure, severity of patient's condition, physical and mental effort required). note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
25 Significant, separately identifiable evaluation and management service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional on the same day of the procedure or other service: it may be necessary to indicate that on the day a procedure or service identified by a cpt code was performed, the patient's condition required a significant, separately identifiable e/m service above and beyond the other service provided or beyond the usual preoperative and postoperative care associated with the procedure that was performed. a significant, separately identifiable e/m service is defined or substantiated by documentation that satisfies the relevant criteria for the respective e/m service to be reported (see evaluation and management services guidelines for instructions on determining level of e/m service). the e/m service may be prompted by the symptom or condition for which the procedure and/or service was provided. as such, different diagnoses are not required for reporting of the e/m services on the same date. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 25 to the appropriate level of e/m service. note: this modifier is not used to report an e/m service that resulted in a decision to perform surgery. see modifier 57 for significant, separately identifiable non-e/m services, see modifier 59.
52 Reduced services: under certain circumstances a service or procedure is partially reduced or eliminated at the discretion of the physician or other qualified health care professional. under these circumstances the service provided can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 52, signifying that the service is reduced. this provides a means of reporting reduced services without disturbing the identification of the basic service. note: for hospital outpatient reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well-being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
53 Discontinued procedure: under certain circumstances, the physician or other qualified health care professional may elect to terminate a surgical or diagnostic procedure. due to extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient, it may be necessary to indicate that a surgical or diagnostic procedure was started but discontinued. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 53 to the code reported by the individual for the discontinued procedure. note: this modifier is not used to report the elective cancellation of a procedure prior to the patient's anesthesia induction and/or surgical preparation in the operating suite. for outpatient hospital/ambulatory surgery center (asc) reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
74 Discontinued out-patient hospital/ambulatory surgery center (asc) procedure after administration of anesthesia: due to extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient, the physician may terminate a surgical or diagnostic procedure after the administration of anesthesia (local, regional block(s), general) or after the procedure was started (incision made, intubation started, scope inserted, etc). under these circumstances, the procedure started but terminated can be reported by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 74. note: the elective cancellation of a service prior to the administration of anesthesia and/or surgical preparation of the patient should not be reported. for physician reporting of a discontinued procedure, see modifier 53.
77 Repeat procedure by another physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a basic procedure or service was repeated by another physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 77 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
AG Primary physician
AQ Physician providing a service in an unlisted health professional shortage area (hpsa)
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
CC Procedure code change (use 'cc' when the procedure code submitted was changed either for administrative reasons or because an incorrect code was filed)
CR Catastrophe/disaster related
GA Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case
GV Attending physician not employed or paid under arrangement by the patient's hospice provider
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
PO Excepted service provided at an off-campus, outpatient, provider-based department of a hospital
Q1 Routine clinical service provided in a clinical research study that is in an approved clinical research study
Q6 Service furnished under a fee-for-time compensation arrangement by a substitute physician or by a substitute physical therapist furnishing outpatient physical therapy services in a health professional shortage area, a medically underserved area, or a rural area
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
SG Ambulatory surgical center (asc) facility service
X4 Episodic/focused services: for reporting services by clinicians who provide focused care on particular types of treatment limited to a defined period and circumstance; the patient has a problem, acute or chronic, that will be treated with surgery, radiation, or some other type of generally time-limited intervention; reporting clinician service examples include but are not limited to, the orthopedic surgeon performing a knee replacement and seeing the patient through the postoperative period
XP Separate practitioner, a service that is distinct because it was performed by a different practitioner
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Notes
2017-01-01 Changed Moderate (Conscious) Sedation flag removed. See new Moderate Sedation category.
2010-01-01 Changed Code description changed.
2004-01-01 Changed Code description changed.
2001-01-01 Changed Code description changed.
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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