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Official Description

Computed tomography, lumbar spine; without contrast material

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

Computed tomography (CT) of the lumbar spine, as described by CPT® Code 72131, is a diagnostic imaging procedure that utilizes advanced X-ray technology to create detailed images of the lower back region. This procedure involves the use of multiple, narrow X-ray beams that rotate around a single axis, capturing a series of two-dimensional images from various angles. The absence of contrast material in this specific code means that the images are obtained without any enhancement, allowing for the evaluation of the lumbar spine's structure and potential abnormalities. The CT scanner processes the collected data through sophisticated computer software, resulting in thin, cross-sectional slices of the lumbar spine. These slices can be stacked to form three-dimensional models, providing a comprehensive view of the spine's anatomy. During the procedure, the patient lies on a table that moves into the CT scanner, where the imaging takes place. The primary purpose of this imaging technique is to assist physicians in diagnosing conditions such as bone diseases, fractures, injuries, and congenital spine defects, particularly in pediatric patients. The detailed images produced by this method are crucial for accurate assessment and treatment planning.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure described by CPT® Code 72131 is indicated for various conditions affecting the lumbar spine. The following are the explicitly provided indications for performing a CT scan of the lumbar spine without contrast material:

  • Bone Disease The procedure is utilized to evaluate potential bone diseases that may affect the lumbar spine, allowing for the identification of abnormalities in bone density or structure.
  • Fractures CT imaging is essential for detecting fractures in the lumbar vertebrae, which may not be visible on standard X-rays, thus aiding in the assessment of trauma-related injuries.
  • Other Injuries The scan can help identify various injuries to the lumbar spine, including soft tissue damage or other structural issues that may require further intervention.
  • Congenital Spine Defects In pediatric patients, this imaging technique is particularly useful for evaluating congenital defects of the spine, providing critical information for diagnosis and treatment planning.

2. Procedure

The procedure for performing a CT scan of the lumbar spine without contrast material involves several key steps, which are detailed below:

  • Patient Preparation The patient is first positioned on the CT scanner table, typically lying flat on their back. It is important to ensure that the patient is comfortable and properly aligned to obtain accurate images. The technologist may provide instructions to the patient regarding breath-holding during the scan to minimize motion artifacts.
  • Scanning Process Once the patient is positioned, the CT scanner is activated. The machine uses multiple, narrow X-ray beams that rotate around the lumbar spine, capturing a series of two-dimensional images from various angles. The scanner moves the table through the gantry of the CT machine, allowing for the acquisition of detailed cross-sectional images of the lumbar region.
  • Image Processing After the scanning is complete, the collected data is processed by computer software. This software reconstructs the data into thin, cross-sectional slices of the lumbar spine, which can be viewed individually or stacked to create three-dimensional models of the spine.
  • Image Review The resulting images are then reviewed by the physician, who evaluates them for any abnormalities, such as fractures, signs of bone disease, or congenital defects. The physician's assessment is crucial for determining the appropriate course of action based on the findings.

3. Post-Procedure

After the CT scan of the lumbar spine is completed, there are typically no specific post-procedure care requirements, as the procedure is non-invasive and does not involve the use of contrast material. Patients can usually resume their normal activities immediately following the scan. However, it is essential for the physician to discuss the results with the patient during a follow-up appointment, where any necessary treatment plans or further diagnostic steps can be outlined based on the findings from the imaging study.

Short Descr CT LUMBAR SPINE W/O DYE
Medium Descr CT LUMBAR SPINE W/O CONTRAST MATERIAL
Long Descr Computed tomography, lumbar spine; without contrast material
Status Code Active Code
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 1 - Diagnostic Tests for Radiology Services
Multiple Procedures (51) 4 - Special payment adjustment rules on the technical component (TC) of multiple diagnostic imaging procedures apply...
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 0 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 88 -
APC Status Indicator Codes That May Be Paid Through a Composite APC
ASC Payment Indicator Radiology service paid separately when provided integral to a surgical procedure on ASC list; payment based on OPPS relative payment weight.
Type of Service (TOS) 4 - Diagnostic Radiology
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) I2B - Advanced imaging - CAT/CT/CTA: other
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 180 - Other CT scan

This is a primary code that can be used with these additional add-on codes.

0722T Add On Code MPFS Status: Carrier Priced APC S Quantitative computed tomography (CT) tissue characterization, including interpretation and report, obtained with concurrent CT examination of any structure contained in the concurrently acquired diagnostic imaging dataset (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
26 Professional component: certain procedures are a combination of a physician or other qualified health care professional component and a technical component. when the physician or other qualified health care professional component is reported separately, the service may be identified by adding modifier 26 to the usual procedure number.
X5 Diagnostic services requested by another clinician: for reporting services by a clinician who furnishes care to the patient only as requested by another clinician or subsequent and related services requested by another clinician; this modifier is reported for patient relationships that may not be adequately captured by the above alternative categories; reporting clinician service examples include but are not limited to, the radiologist's interpretation of an imaging study requested by another clinician
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
ME The order for this service adheres to appropriate use criteria in the clinical decision support mechanism consulted by the ordering professional
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
MH Unknown if ordering professional consulted a clinical decision support mechanism for this service, related information was not provided to the furnishing professional or provider
MG The order for this service does not have applicable appropriate use criteria in the qualified clinical decision support mechanism consulted by the ordering professional
TC Technical component; under certain circumstances, a charge may be made for the technical component alone; under those circumstances the technical component charge is identified by adding modifier 'tc' to the usual procedure number; technical component charges are institutional charges and not billed separately by physicians; however, portable x-ray suppliers only bill for technical component and should utilize modifier tc; the charge data from portable x-ray suppliers will then be used to build customary and prevailing profiles
MF The order for this service does not adhere to the appropriate use criteria in the clinical decision support mechanism consulted by the ordering professional
Q6 Service furnished under a fee-for-time compensation arrangement by a substitute physician or by a substitute physical therapist furnishing outpatient physical therapy services in a health professional shortage area, a medically underserved area, or a rural area
MA Ordering professional is not required to consult a clinical decision support mechanism due to service being rendered to a patient with a suspected or confirmed emergency medical condition
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
QQ Ordering professional consulted a qualified clinical decision support mechanism for this service and the related data was provided to the furnishing professional
CT Computed tomography services furnished using equipment that does not meet each of the attributes of the national electrical manufacturers association (nema) xr-29-2013 standard
X4 Episodic/focused services: for reporting services by clinicians who provide focused care on particular types of treatment limited to a defined period and circumstance; the patient has a problem, acute or chronic, that will be treated with surgery, radiation, or some other type of generally time-limited intervention; reporting clinician service examples include but are not limited to, the orthopedic surgeon performing a knee replacement and seeing the patient through the postoperative period
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
XE Separate encounter, a service that is distinct because it occurred during a separate encounter
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
GV Attending physician not employed or paid under arrangement by the patient's hospice provider
MC Ordering professional is not required to consult a clinical decision support mechanism due to the significant hardship exception of electronic health record or clinical decision support mechanism vendor issues
77 Repeat procedure by another physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a basic procedure or service was repeated by another physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 77 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
AQ Physician providing a service in an unlisted health professional shortage area (hpsa)
CR Catastrophe/disaster related
52 Reduced services: under certain circumstances a service or procedure is partially reduced or eliminated at the discretion of the physician or other qualified health care professional. under these circumstances the service provided can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 52, signifying that the service is reduced. this provides a means of reporting reduced services without disturbing the identification of the basic service. note: for hospital outpatient reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well-being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
XP Separate practitioner, a service that is distinct because it was performed by a different practitioner
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
GA Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
27 Multiple outpatient hospital e/m encounters on the same date: for hospital outpatient reporting purposes, utilization of hospital resources related to separate and distinct e/m encounters performed in multiple outpatient hospital settings on the same date may be reported by adding modifier 27 to each appropriate level outpatient and/or emergency department e/m code(s). this modifier provides a means of reporting circumstances involving evaluation and management services provided by physician(s) in more than one (multiple) outpatient hospital setting(s) (eg, hospital emergency department, clinic). note: this modifier is not to be used for physician reporting of multiple e/m services performed by the same physician on the same date. for physician reporting of all outpatient evaluation and management services provided by the same physician on the same date and performed in multiple outpatient setting(s) (eg, hospital emergency department, clinic), see evaluation and management, emergency department, or preventive medicine services codes.
53 Discontinued procedure: under certain circumstances, the physician or other qualified health care professional may elect to terminate a surgical or diagnostic procedure. due to extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient, it may be necessary to indicate that a surgical or diagnostic procedure was started but discontinued. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 53 to the code reported by the individual for the discontinued procedure. note: this modifier is not used to report the elective cancellation of a procedure prior to the patient's anesthesia induction and/or surgical preparation in the operating suite. for outpatient hospital/ambulatory surgery center (asc) reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
96 Habilitative services: when a service or procedure that may be either habilitative or rehabilitative in nature is provided for habilitative purposes, the physician or other qualified health care professional may add modifier 96 to the service or procedure code to indicate that the service or procedure provided was a habilitative service. habilitative services help an individual learn skills and functioning for daily living that the individual has not yet developed, and then keep and/or improve those learned skills. habilitative services also help an individual keep, learn, or improve skills and functioning for daily living.
CC Procedure code change (use 'cc' when the procedure code submitted was changed either for administrative reasons or because an incorrect code was filed)
ET Emergency services
FY X-ray taken using computed radiography technology/cassette-based imaging
GQ Via asynchronous telecommunications system
GY Item or service statutorily excluded, does not meet the definition of any medicare benefit or, for non-medicare insurers, is not a contract benefit
GZ Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary
HC Adult program, geriatric
KX Requirements specified in the medical policy have been met
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
MB Ordering professional is not required to consult a clinical decision support mechanism due to the significant hardship exception of insufficient internet access
MD Ordering professional is not required to consult a clinical decision support mechanism due to the significant hardship exception of extreme and uncontrollable circumstances
PD Diagnostic or related non diagnostic item or service provided in a wholly owned or operated entity to a patient who is admitted as an inpatient within 3 days
Q0 Investigational clinical service provided in a clinical research study that is in an approved clinical research study
Q1 Routine clinical service provided in a clinical research study that is in an approved clinical research study
Q5 Service furnished under a reciprocal billing arrangement by a substitute physician or by a substitute physical therapist furnishing outpatient physical therapy services in a health professional shortage area, a medically underserved area, or a rural area
QJ Services/items provided to a prisoner or patient in state or local custody, however the state or local government, as applicable, meets the requirements in 42 cfr 411.4 (b)
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
U2 Medicaid level of care 2, as defined by each state
U6 Medicaid level of care 6, as defined by each state
Date
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Notes
2003-01-01 Changed Code description changed.
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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