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Official Description

Positional nystagmus test

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

A positional nystagmus test is a diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the presence of nystagmus, which is characterized by rapid, involuntary movements of the eyes. This test is particularly important in identifying vestibular disorders that manifest as vertigo, a sensation of spinning or dizziness, and balance disturbances. These disturbances can lead to difficulties in maintaining balance, standing upright, or walking with a normal gait. The test specifically assesses how certain head or body movements can trigger nystagmus, which is often indicative of dysfunction within the semicircular canals of the middle ear. During the procedure, the physician may observe the patient's eye movements directly or utilize Frenzel optical goggles to enhance visibility of the eye movements. Standard positions for testing include various orientations such as head hanging forward, supine, and lateral positions, among others, which are designed to provoke symptoms of dizziness. The physician meticulously observes and records any abnormal eye movements that occur during these positions, followed by a thorough analysis and interpretation of the test results to aid in diagnosing the underlying vestibular condition.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The positional nystagmus test is indicated for patients who exhibit symptoms related to vestibular disorders. These indications include:

  • Vertigo A sensation of spinning or dizziness that may be triggered by specific head movements.
  • Balance Disturbance Difficulty in maintaining balance, which may lead to falls or instability while standing or walking.
  • Inability to Maintain Upright Posture Challenges in standing upright without assistance, often associated with vestibular dysfunction.

2. Procedure

The positional nystagmus test involves several procedural steps designed to evaluate eye movements in response to specific head and body positions. The steps include:

  • Initial Patient Positioning The patient is positioned in a supine position, which is lying flat on their back. This position serves as the starting point for the test.
  • Head Positioning The physician will then manipulate the patient's head into various positions, including hanging forward, turning to the right, and turning to the left. Each position is held for a specified duration to allow for observation of eye movements.
  • Observation of Eye Movements The physician observes the patient's eye movements either directly or through the use of Frenzel optical goggles, which magnify the eyes for better visibility. Any involuntary eye movements, or nystagmus, are noted during this observation.
  • Testing Additional Positions Additional positions may be tested, such as lateral left and lateral right, or any other position that may provoke dizziness. The physician continues to observe and document any abnormal eye movements that occur in these positions.
  • Analysis and Interpretation After completing the positional changes, the physician analyzes the recorded eye movements and interprets the results to determine the presence of vestibular dysfunction.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care for the positional nystagmus test typically involves monitoring the patient for any residual dizziness or discomfort following the test. The physician may provide instructions regarding activity levels and any necessary follow-up appointments to discuss the results. It is important for the patient to report any ongoing symptoms or concerns that may arise after the test, as these can provide further insight into their vestibular health.

Short Descr POSITIONAL NYSTAGMUS TEST
Medium Descr POSITIONAL NYSTAGMUS TEST
Long Descr Positional nystagmus test
Status Code Bundled Code
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Items and Services Packaged into APC Rates
Type of Service (TOS) 1 - Medical Care
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) M5D - Specialist - other
MUE 0
CCS Clinical Classification 220 - Ophthalmologic and otologic diagnosis and treatment
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
25 Significant, separately identifiable evaluation and management service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional on the same day of the procedure or other service: it may be necessary to indicate that on the day a procedure or service identified by a cpt code was performed, the patient's condition required a significant, separately identifiable e/m service above and beyond the other service provided or beyond the usual preoperative and postoperative care associated with the procedure that was performed. a significant, separately identifiable e/m service is defined or substantiated by documentation that satisfies the relevant criteria for the respective e/m service to be reported (see evaluation and management services guidelines for instructions on determining level of e/m service). the e/m service may be prompted by the symptom or condition for which the procedure and/or service was provided. as such, different diagnoses are not required for reporting of the e/m services on the same date. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 25 to the appropriate level of e/m service. note: this modifier is not used to report an e/m service that resulted in a decision to perform surgery. see modifier 57 for significant, separately identifiable non-e/m services, see modifier 59.
52 Reduced services: under certain circumstances a service or procedure is partially reduced or eliminated at the discretion of the physician or other qualified health care professional. under these circumstances the service provided can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 52, signifying that the service is reduced. this provides a means of reporting reduced services without disturbing the identification of the basic service. note: for hospital outpatient reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well-being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
53 Discontinued procedure: under certain circumstances, the physician or other qualified health care professional may elect to terminate a surgical or diagnostic procedure. due to extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient, it may be necessary to indicate that a surgical or diagnostic procedure was started but discontinued. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 53 to the code reported by the individual for the discontinued procedure. note: this modifier is not used to report the elective cancellation of a procedure prior to the patient's anesthesia induction and/or surgical preparation in the operating suite. for outpatient hospital/ambulatory surgery center (asc) reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
AB Audiology service furnished personally by an audiologist without a physician/npp order for non-acute hearing assessment unrelated to disequilibrium, or hearing aids, or examinations for the purpose of prescribing, fitting, or changing hearing aids; service may be performed once every 12 months, per beneficiary
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
GN Services delivered under an outpatient speech language pathology plan of care
GP Services delivered under an outpatient physical therapy plan of care
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
GX Notice of liability issued, voluntary under payer policy
GY Item or service statutorily excluded, does not meet the definition of any medicare benefit or, for non-medicare insurers, is not a contract benefit
GZ Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary
KX Requirements specified in the medical policy have been met
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
PD Diagnostic or related non diagnostic item or service provided in a wholly owned or operated entity to a patient who is admitted as an inpatient within 3 days
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
Date
Action
Notes
2021-01-01 Note Guidelines changed.
2013-01-01 Changed Guideline information changed.
2002-01-01 Changed Code description changed.
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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