Coding Ahead
CasePilot
Medical Coding Assistant
CaseConsultant
Instant Email Coding Consultant
Case2Code
Search and Code Lookup Tool
CareerCenter
Medical Coding Job Board
Log in Register free account

Need help choosing the right code?

Ask CasePilot about procedures, modifiers, bundling, and coding guidance.

Try CasePilot

Official Description

Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA)

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) is a specialized auditory assessment technique designed specifically for infants and young children to evaluate their hearing capabilities. This procedure utilizes a combination of auditory stimuli and visual rewards to engage the child and encourage them to respond to sounds. During the VRA, the child is placed in a controlled testing environment equipped with toys that are strategically positioned in boxes on either side of them. These toys serve as visual reinforcements, which are activated by the audiologist when the child responds to auditory cues. The process begins with conditioning trials, where the child is exposed to sounds of varying intensities while simultaneously being shown the visual reinforcement. As the child learns to associate the sound with the movement and illumination of the toy, they are conditioned to turn their head towards the source of the sound. The audiologist then systematically lowers the intensity of the sound to determine the softest level at which the child can still detect the sound, indicated by their gaze towards the toy. This method not only assesses the child's hearing thresholds but also provides a playful and engaging way to evaluate auditory responses in a population that may not be able to communicate their hearing abilities verbally. The results of the VRA are meticulously recorded by the audiologist, culminating in a comprehensive written report detailing the findings of the assessment.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) is indicated for use in infants and young children who may have undiagnosed hearing impairments or who are at risk for hearing loss. The procedure is particularly useful in the following scenarios:

  • Hearing Loss Evaluation Children who exhibit signs of potential hearing loss, such as lack of response to sounds or delayed speech development, may require VRA to assess their auditory capabilities.
  • Developmental Delays Infants and young children with developmental delays may benefit from VRA to determine if hearing impairment is contributing to their developmental challenges.
  • High-Risk Infants Infants who are considered high-risk for hearing loss due to factors such as family history, low birth weight, or exposure to ototoxic medications are often evaluated using VRA.

2. Procedure

The procedure for visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) involves several key steps to ensure accurate assessment of a child's hearing abilities:

  • Step 1: Preparation The child is brought into a specially designed testing room that contains toys housed in boxes positioned to the right and left of the child. The audiologist prepares the equipment and ensures that the environment is conducive to testing.
  • Step 2: Conditioning Trials The audiologist begins with conditioning trials, where sounds of higher intensity are presented to the child. At the same time, the visual reinforcement (the toy) is activated to capture the child's attention. This step is crucial for helping the child associate the sound with the visual reward.
  • Step 3: Sound Presentation Once the child demonstrates understanding of the task, the audiologist initiates the sound at varying intensities. The toy lights up and moves only when the child turns to look at the box containing the toy, reinforcing the connection between the sound and the visual stimulus.
  • Step 4: Threshold Testing The audiologist systematically lowers the intensity of the sound until the child no longer responds by looking at the toy. This process helps determine the softest sound the child can hear, establishing their hearing threshold.
  • Step 5: Repetition The test is repeated on the opposite side with sounds of different pitches to ensure a comprehensive evaluation of the child's hearing across various frequencies.
  • Step 6: Documentation After completing the testing, the audiologist records the results meticulously and prepares a written report detailing the findings, which can be used for further evaluation or intervention if necessary.

3. Post-Procedure

After the visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) procedure, the audiologist will review the results with the child's caregivers, explaining the findings and any implications for the child's hearing health. Depending on the results, further evaluation or intervention may be recommended. Caregivers are encouraged to monitor the child's auditory responses and developmental milestones following the assessment. The audiologist may also provide guidance on next steps, which could include referrals to specialists or recommendations for follow-up testing if hearing loss is suspected. Overall, the VRA is a non-invasive and effective method for assessing hearing in young children, and the results play a critical role in ensuring appropriate management of any identified hearing issues.

Short Descr VISUAL AUDIOMETRY (VRA)
Medium Descr VISUAL REINFORCEMENT AUDIOMETRY
Long Descr Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA)
Status Code Active Code
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 7 - Physical Therapy Service, for which Payment may not be Made
Multiple Procedures (51) 0 - No payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 2 - 150% payment adjustment does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 02 - Procedure must be performed under the direct supervision of a physician.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 0 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator STV-Packaged Codes
Type of Service (TOS) K - Hearing Items and Services
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) T2D - Other tests - other
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 220 - Ophthalmologic and otologic diagnosis and treatment
GY Item or service statutorily excluded, does not meet the definition of any medicare benefit or, for non-medicare insurers, is not a contract benefit
52 Reduced services: under certain circumstances a service or procedure is partially reduced or eliminated at the discretion of the physician or other qualified health care professional. under these circumstances the service provided can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 52, signifying that the service is reduced. this provides a means of reporting reduced services without disturbing the identification of the basic service. note: for hospital outpatient reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well-being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
AB Audiology service furnished personally by an audiologist without a physician/npp order for non-acute hearing assessment unrelated to disequilibrium, or hearing aids, or examinations for the purpose of prescribing, fitting, or changing hearing aids; service may be performed once every 12 months, per beneficiary
CC Procedure code change (use 'cc' when the procedure code submitted was changed either for administrative reasons or because an incorrect code was filed)
GA Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
GZ Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary
Date
Action
Notes
1996-01-01 Added First appearance in code book in 1996.
Code
Description
Code
Description
Code
Description
Code
Description
Code
Description
CasePilot

Get instant expert-level medical coding assistance.

Ask about:
CPT Codes Guidelines Modifiers Crosswalks NCCI Edits Compliance Medicare Coverage
Example: "What is CPT code 99213?" or "Guidelines for E/M services"