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Official Description

Evaluation of oral and pharyngeal swallowing function

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 92610 refers to the evaluation of oral and pharyngeal swallowing function, specifically aimed at assessing patients who may have oropharyngeal dysphagia, a condition characterized by difficulty in swallowing. This evaluation is typically conducted by a dysphagia specialist, often a speech-language pathologist, who is trained to analyze the complexities of swallowing mechanics. The assessment focuses on the oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing, which are critical for the safe and effective ingestion of food and liquids. The oral phase involves the preparation of solid foods, which includes the manipulation of food by the tongue to ensure it is adequately chewed and ready for swallowing. The pharyngeal phase encompasses the initiation of the swallow and the subsequent movements required to propel the food or liquid from the mouth through the pharynx and into the esophagus. During the evaluation, the patient is asked to swallow both solids and liquids, allowing the specialist to observe and assess the various movements involved in swallowing. These movements include the retraction of the tongue, elevation of the hyolaryngeal complex, and the closure of the airway, all of which are essential for a safe swallowing process. The findings from this evaluation are documented in a written report, which helps determine if further, more extensive studies are necessary to address any identified swallowing difficulties.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The evaluation represented by CPT® Code 92610 is indicated for patients who are suspected of having oropharyngeal dysphagia. This condition may manifest through various symptoms that warrant a thorough assessment of swallowing function. The following indications are typically considered for this evaluation:

  • Difficulty Swallowing: Patients may experience challenges in swallowing both solids and liquids, which can lead to choking or aspiration.
  • Food Sticking Sensation: A sensation that food is stuck in the throat or chest may indicate issues with the swallowing mechanism.
  • Coughing or Choking: Frequent coughing or choking during meals can suggest impaired swallowing function.
  • Weight Loss: Unintentional weight loss due to difficulty eating can be a significant indicator of dysphagia.
  • Pneumonia: Recurrent respiratory infections, such as aspiration pneumonia, may arise from swallowing difficulties.

2. Procedure

The procedure for evaluating oral and pharyngeal swallowing function involves several key steps that are systematically executed to assess the patient's swallowing capabilities. The following procedural steps are outlined:

  • Step 1: Patient Preparation The patient is prepared for the evaluation by explaining the procedure and ensuring they understand the tasks they will be required to perform, including swallowing both solids and liquids.
  • Step 2: Oral Preparation Assessment The speech-language pathologist evaluates the patient's ability to prepare solid food for swallowing. This includes observing the tongue's movement as it manipulates the food from side to side, ensuring it is adequately chewed and ready for transfer.
  • Step 3: Oral Transfer Evaluation Once the solid food is prepared, the pathologist assesses the oral transfer of the food to the back of the throat, observing the initiation of the swallow.
  • Step 4: Pharyngeal Phase Assessment The swallowing movements are evaluated as the patient propels the solids or liquids from the pharynx into the esophagus. This involves observing the retraction of the base of the tongue, elevation of the hyolaryngeal complex, closure of the velopharyngeal communication, contraction of the pharynx, and the opening of the upper esophageal sphincter.
  • Step 5: Observation and Documentation Throughout the evaluation, the speech-language pathologist closely observes the patient's swallowing process, noting any difficulties or abnormalities. A comprehensive written report of the findings is then generated to summarize the evaluation results.

3. Post-Procedure

After the evaluation is completed, the speech-language pathologist provides a written report detailing the findings of the swallowing assessment. This report may include recommendations for further testing or interventions if necessary. The patient may be advised on dietary modifications or swallowing techniques to improve their swallowing function. Follow-up appointments may be scheduled to monitor progress and reassess swallowing capabilities as needed. It is essential for the patient to adhere to any recommendations provided to ensure safety during eating and drinking, and to prevent complications such as aspiration or malnutrition.

Short Descr EVALUATE SWALLOWING FUNCTION
Medium Descr EVAL ORAL&PHARYNGEAL SWLNG FUNCJ
Long Descr Evaluation of oral and pharyngeal swallowing function
Status Code Active Code
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 7 - Physical Therapy Service, for which Payment may not be Made
Multiple Procedures (51) 0 - No payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 0 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Service Paid under Fee Schedule or Payment System other than OPPS
Type of Service (TOS) 1 - Medical Care
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) T2D - Other tests - other
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 31 - Diagnostic procedures on nose, mouth and pharynx
GN Services delivered under an outpatient speech language pathology plan of care
KX Requirements specified in the medical policy have been met
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
95 Synchronous telemedicine service rendered via a real-time interactive audio and video telecommunications system: synchronous telemedicine service is defined as a real-time interaction between a physician or other qualified health care professional and a patient who is located at a distant site from the physician or other qualified health care professional. the totality of the communication of information exchanged between the physician or other qualified health care professional and the patient during the course of the synchronous telemedicine service must be of an amount and nature that would be sufficient to meet the key components and/or requirements of the same service when rendered via a face-to-face interaction. modifier 95 may only be appended to the services listed in appendix p. appendix p is the list of cpt codes for services that are typically performed face-to-face, but may be rendered via a real-time (synchronous) interactive audio and video telecommunications system.
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
GO Services delivered under an outpatient occupational therapy plan of care
96 Habilitative services: when a service or procedure that may be either habilitative or rehabilitative in nature is provided for habilitative purposes, the physician or other qualified health care professional may add modifier 96 to the service or procedure code to indicate that the service or procedure provided was a habilitative service. habilitative services help an individual learn skills and functioning for daily living that the individual has not yet developed, and then keep and/or improve those learned skills. habilitative services also help an individual keep, learn, or improve skills and functioning for daily living.
GA Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case
CR Catastrophe/disaster related
25 Significant, separately identifiable evaluation and management service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional on the same day of the procedure or other service: it may be necessary to indicate that on the day a procedure or service identified by a cpt code was performed, the patient's condition required a significant, separately identifiable e/m service above and beyond the other service provided or beyond the usual preoperative and postoperative care associated with the procedure that was performed. a significant, separately identifiable e/m service is defined or substantiated by documentation that satisfies the relevant criteria for the respective e/m service to be reported (see evaluation and management services guidelines for instructions on determining level of e/m service). the e/m service may be prompted by the symptom or condition for which the procedure and/or service was provided. as such, different diagnoses are not required for reporting of the e/m services on the same date. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 25 to the appropriate level of e/m service. note: this modifier is not used to report an e/m service that resulted in a decision to perform surgery. see modifier 57 for significant, separately identifiable non-e/m services, see modifier 59.
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
52 Reduced services: under certain circumstances a service or procedure is partially reduced or eliminated at the discretion of the physician or other qualified health care professional. under these circumstances the service provided can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 52, signifying that the service is reduced. this provides a means of reporting reduced services without disturbing the identification of the basic service. note: for hospital outpatient reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well-being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
77 Repeat procedure by another physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a basic procedure or service was repeated by another physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 77 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
97 Rehabilitative services: when a service or procedure that may be either habilitative or rehabilitative in nature is provided for rehabilitative purposes, the physician or other qualified health care professional may add modifier 97 to the service or procedure code to indicate that the service or procedure provided was a rehabilitative service. rehabilitative services help an individual keep, get back, or improve skills and functioning for daily living that have been lost or impaired because the individual was sick, hurt, or disabled.
AG Primary physician
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
GP Services delivered under an outpatient physical therapy plan of care
GT Via interactive audio and video telecommunication systems
GV Attending physician not employed or paid under arrangement by the patient's hospice provider
GZ Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary
HA Child/adolescent program
KK Dmepos item subject to dmepos competitive bidding program number 2
PD Diagnostic or related non diagnostic item or service provided in a wholly owned or operated entity to a patient who is admitted as an inpatient within 3 days
U5 Medicaid level of care 5, as defined by each state
XE Separate encounter, a service that is distinct because it occurred during a separate encounter
XP Separate practitioner, a service that is distinct because it was performed by a different practitioner
Date
Action
Notes
2003-01-01 Added First appearance in code book in 2003.
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