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Official Description

Corpora cavernosa-saphenous vein shunt (priapism operation), unilateral or bilateral

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The procedure described by CPT® Code 54420 involves a surgical intervention known as a corpora cavernosa-saphenous vein shunt, specifically aimed at treating priapism, a condition characterized by prolonged and often painful erections not associated with sexual desire. This operation can be performed unilaterally or bilaterally, depending on the clinical situation. The procedure entails the creation of a shunt between the corpora cavernosa, which are the two cylindrical structures in the penis that fill with blood during an erection, and the saphenous vein, a major vein located in the leg. The surgical approach begins with the placement of a Foley catheter transurethrally to facilitate drainage and manage the condition effectively. During the operation, an incision is made below the inguinal ligament at the saphenofemoral junction to access the saphenous vein. A segment of the vein, typically 8-10 cm in length, is mobilized for use in the shunt. A second incision is then made at the base of the penis to reach the corpora cavernosa. The tunica albuginea, a fibrous envelope surrounding the corpora cavernosa, is incised to allow for the connection of the harvested vein. The procedure may also involve irrigation of the penis and glans with a heparinized saline solution to clear any accumulated blood and clots, ensuring optimal conditions for the shunt. A tunnel is created between the two incisions, allowing the ligated saphenous vein to be brought through to the penile incision. The end of the vein is then spatulated and sutured to the elliptical incision in the tunica albuginea, establishing the shunt. After the connection is made, the incisions are closed in layers. If the initial unilateral procedure does not alleviate the pressure in the corpora cavernosa, a similar procedure may be performed on the opposite side to achieve the desired outcome. This detailed surgical approach is critical for effectively managing priapism and restoring normal penile function.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The corpora cavernosa-saphenous vein shunt procedure (CPT® Code 54420) is indicated for the treatment of priapism, which is characterized by prolonged and painful erections that are not related to sexual arousal. This condition can lead to significant complications if not addressed promptly, including erectile dysfunction and tissue damage. The procedure may be performed unilaterally or bilaterally based on the severity of the condition and the response to initial treatments.

  • Priapism Prolonged and painful erections not associated with sexual desire, requiring surgical intervention to relieve pressure and restore normal function.

2. Procedure

The procedure for CPT® Code 54420 involves several critical steps to create a shunt between the corpora cavernosa and the saphenous vein. The first step is the placement of a Foley catheter transurethrally to facilitate drainage of blood from the penis. Following this, a surgical incision is made below the inguinal ligament at the saphenofemoral junction on either the right or left side. This incision is carefully extended until the saphenous vein is identified. An 8-10 cm segment of the vein is then mobilized from the surrounding tissue, preparing it for harvesting.

  • Step 1: A Foley catheter is placed transurethrally to assist in managing the condition.
  • Step 2: An incision is made below the inguinal ligament at the saphenofemoral junction, and the saphenous vein is identified and mobilized.
  • Step 3: A second incision is made at the base of the penis on the same side as the first incision, extending down to the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum.
  • Step 4: An elliptical incision is made in the tunica albuginea to access the corpora cavernosa.
  • Step 5: The penis and glans may be irrigated with heparinized saline solution to remove any accumulated blood and clots.
  • Step 6: A tunnel is created between the two incisions, allowing the ligated saphenous vein to be brought through to the penile incision.
  • Step 7: The end of the saphenous vein is spatulated open and sutured to the elliptical incision in the tunica albuginea.
  • Step 8: The skin of the penile incision is closed, followed by the closure of the inguinal/thigh incision in layers.
  • Step 9: If the unilateral procedure fails to relieve pressure in the corpora cavernosa, an identical procedure may be performed on the opposite side.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care following the corpora cavernosa-saphenous vein shunt involves monitoring for complications and ensuring proper healing. Patients may be advised to rest and avoid strenuous activities for a specified period to promote recovery. Follow-up appointments are essential to assess the effectiveness of the procedure and to monitor for any signs of complications, such as infection or continued priapism. The healthcare provider will provide specific instructions regarding activity restrictions, wound care, and any necessary follow-up evaluations to ensure optimal recovery and function.

Short Descr REVISION OF PENIS
Medium Descr CORPORA CAVERNOSA-SAPHENOUS VEIN SHUNT UNI/BI
Long Descr Corpora cavernosa-saphenous vein shunt (priapism operation), unilateral or bilateral
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 2 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery does not apply to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
ASC Payment Indicator Surgical procedure on ASC list in CY 2007; payment based on OPPS relative payment weight.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P1G - Major procedure - Other
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 118 - Other OR therapeutic procedures, male genital
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
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Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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