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Official Description

Continuous intraoperative neurophysiology monitoring in the operating room, one on one monitoring requiring personal attendance, each 15 minutes (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

Continuous intraoperative neurophysiology monitoring is a critical procedure performed during surgical operations to ensure the safety and integrity of the nervous system. This monitoring involves the ongoing assessment of electrophysiological signals, specifically sensory evoked potentials and electromyography (EMG) potentials, throughout the duration of the surgical procedure. The primary goal of this monitoring is to detect any potential neurological deficits that may arise during surgery, thereby minimizing the risk of permanent postoperative complications. The CPT® Code 95940 is specifically designated for instances where one-on-one monitoring is conducted, requiring the personal attendance of a qualified neurophysiologist or technician. This code is billed for each 15-minute interval of monitoring, and it is important to note that it should be reported separately in addition to the code for the primary surgical procedure being performed. This ensures that the additional resources and expertise required for continuous monitoring are appropriately recognized and reimbursed. In contrast, for cases involving multiple patients or procedures being monitored simultaneously, CPT® Code 95941 is utilized, which accounts for continuous monitoring on an hourly basis. Understanding the nuances of these codes is essential for accurate billing and compliance in the context of intraoperative neurophysiology monitoring.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

Continuous intraoperative neurophysiology monitoring is indicated in various surgical scenarios where there is a risk of neurological compromise. The following conditions and situations warrant the use of this monitoring technique:

  • High-Risk Neurosurgical Procedures These include surgeries involving the brain or spinal cord, where the potential for nerve damage is significant.
  • Complex Orthopedic Surgeries Procedures such as spinal fusions or joint replacements that may impact nerve pathways.
  • Vascular Surgeries Operations that involve major blood vessels, where blood flow to the nervous system may be compromised.
  • Tumor Resection Surgical removal of tumors located near critical neural structures.

2. Procedure

The procedure for continuous intraoperative neurophysiology monitoring involves several key steps to ensure effective monitoring of the patient's neurological status during surgery. Each step is crucial for the accurate assessment of neural function:

  • Preparation Prior to the surgical procedure, the patient is positioned appropriately, and electrodes are placed on the scalp and/or other relevant areas to record electrophysiological signals. This setup is essential for capturing accurate data throughout the surgery.
  • Monitoring Setup The neurophysiologist or technician establishes the monitoring equipment, ensuring that all connections are secure and that the system is calibrated to detect sensory evoked potentials and EMG signals effectively.
  • Continuous Monitoring During the surgical procedure, the neurophysiologist provides one-on-one monitoring, continuously assessing the electrophysiological data. This real-time analysis allows for immediate detection of any changes that may indicate potential neurological compromise.
  • Intervention If any concerning changes in the monitored signals are observed, the neurophysiologist communicates with the surgical team to facilitate timely interventions, which may include adjusting surgical techniques or repositioning the patient to alleviate pressure on neural structures.
  • Documentation Throughout the procedure, detailed records of the monitoring data are maintained, including any significant findings and interventions made in response to the monitoring results. This documentation is critical for post-operative analysis and compliance.

3. Post-Procedure

After the surgical procedure is completed, the continuous intraoperative neurophysiology monitoring concludes. The neurophysiologist will review the collected data and provide a comprehensive report detailing the findings and any interventions that were necessary during the surgery. This report is essential for the surgical team's understanding of the patient's neurological status post-operation. Additionally, the patient may require follow-up assessments to evaluate their neurological function and recovery, ensuring that any potential deficits are addressed promptly. Proper documentation and communication of the monitoring results are vital for ongoing patient care and for any necessary claims processing related to the monitoring services provided.

Short Descr IONM IN OPERATNG ROOM 15 MIN
Medium Descr IONM 1 ON 1 IN OR W/ATTENDANCE EACH 15 MINUTES
Long Descr Continuous intraoperative neurophysiology monitoring in the operating room, one on one monitoring requiring personal attendance, each 15 minutes (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
Status Code Active Code
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 0 - No payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 03 - Procedure must be performed under the personal supervision of physician.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 0 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Items and Services Packaged into APC Rates
Type of Service (TOS) 1 - Medical Care
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) T2D - Other tests - other
MUE 32
CCS Clinical Classification 7 - Other diagnostic nervous system procedures

This is an add-on code that must be used in conjunction with one of these primary codes.

92653 Resequenced Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC S Auditory evoked potentials; neurodiagnostic, with interpretation and report
95822 MPFS Status: Active Code APC S PUB 100 Electroencephalogram (EEG); recording in coma or sleep only
95860 MPFS Status: Active Code APC Q1 CPT Assistant Article Needle electromyography; 1 extremity with or without related paraspinal areas
95861 MPFS Status: Active Code APC Q1 CPT Assistant Article Needle electromyography; 2 extremities with or without related paraspinal areas
95863 MPFS Status: Active Code APC S CPT Assistant Article Needle electromyography; 3 extremities with or without related paraspinal areas
95864 MPFS Status: Active Code APC S CPT Assistant Article Needle electromyography; 4 extremities with or without related paraspinal areas
95865 MPFS Status: Active Code APC Q1 CPT Assistant Article Needle electromyography; larynx
95866 MPFS Status: Active Code APC Q1 CPT Assistant Article Needle electromyography; hemidiaphragm
95867 MPFS Status: Active Code APC S CPT Assistant Article Needle electromyography; cranial nerve supplied muscle(s), unilateral
95868 MPFS Status: Active Code APC S CPT Assistant Article Needle electromyography; cranial nerve supplied muscles, bilateral
95869 MPFS Status: Active Code APC Q1 CPT Assistant Article Needle electromyography; thoracic paraspinal muscles (excluding T1 or T12)
95870 MPFS Status: Active Code APC Q1 CPT Assistant Article Needle electromyography; limited study of muscles in 1 extremity or non-limb (axial) muscles (unilateral or bilateral), other than thoracic paraspinal, cranial nerve supplied muscles, or sphincters
95907 MPFS Status: Active Code APC S Nerve conduction studies; 1-2 studies
95908 MPFS Status: Active Code APC S Nerve conduction studies; 3-4 studies
95909 MPFS Status: Active Code APC S Nerve conduction studies; 5-6 studies
95910 MPFS Status: Active Code APC S Nerve conduction studies; 7-8 studies
95911 MPFS Status: Active Code APC S Nerve conduction studies; 9-10 studies
95912 MPFS Status: Active Code APC S Nerve conduction studies; 11-12 studies
95913 MPFS Status: Active Code APC S Nerve conduction studies; 13 or more studies
95925 MPFS Status: Active Code APC S PUB 100 CPT Assistant Article Short-latency somatosensory evoked potential study, stimulation of any/all peripheral nerves or skin sites, recording from the central nervous system; in upper limbs
95926 MPFS Status: Active Code APC S PUB 100 CPT Assistant Article Short-latency somatosensory evoked potential study, stimulation of any/all peripheral nerves or skin sites, recording from the central nervous system; in lower limbs
95927 MPFS Status: Active Code APC S PUB 100 CPT Assistant Article Short-latency somatosensory evoked potential study, stimulation of any/all peripheral nerves or skin sites, recording from the central nervous system; in the trunk or head
95928 MPFS Status: Active Code APC S PUB 100 Central motor evoked potential study (transcranial motor stimulation); upper limbs
95929 MPFS Status: Active Code APC S PUB 100 Central motor evoked potential study (transcranial motor stimulation); lower limbs
95930 MPFS Status: Active Code APC S PUB 100 CPT Assistant Article Visual evoked potential (VEP) checkerboard or flash testing, central nervous system except glaucoma, with interpretation and report
95933 MPFS Status: Active Code APC Q1 PUB 100 CPT Assistant Article Orbicularis oculi (blink) reflex, by electrodiagnostic testing
95937 MPFS Status: Active Code APC S PUB 100 CPT Assistant Article Neuromuscular junction testing (repetitive stimulation, paired stimuli), each nerve, any 1 method
95938 Resequenced Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC S Short-latency somatosensory evoked potential study, stimulation of any/all peripheral nerves or skin sites, recording from the central nervous system; in upper and lower limbs
95939 Resequenced Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC S Central motor evoked potential study (transcranial motor stimulation); in upper and lower limbs
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
XP Separate practitioner, a service that is distinct because it was performed by a different practitioner
GZ Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary
Q1 Routine clinical service provided in a clinical research study that is in an approved clinical research study
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
62 Two surgeons: when 2 surgeons work together as primary surgeons performing distinct part(s) of a procedure, each surgeon should report his/her distinct operative work by adding modifier 62 to the procedure code and any associated add-on code(s) for that procedure as long as both surgeons continue to work together as primary surgeons. each surgeon should report the co-surgery once using the same procedure code. if additional procedure(s) (including add-on procedure(s) are performed during the same surgical session, separate code(s) may also be reported with modifier 62 added. note: if a co-surgeon acts as an assistant in the performance of additional procedure(s), other than those reported with the modifier 62, during the same surgical session, those services may be reported using separate procedure code(s) with modifier 80 or modifier 82 added, as appropriate.
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
AT Acute treatment (this modifier should be used when reporting service 98940, 98941, 98942)
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
TC Technical component; under certain circumstances, a charge may be made for the technical component alone; under those circumstances the technical component charge is identified by adding modifier 'tc' to the usual procedure number; technical component charges are institutional charges and not billed separately by physicians; however, portable x-ray suppliers only bill for technical component and should utilize modifier tc; the charge data from portable x-ray suppliers will then be used to build customary and prevailing profiles
XE Separate encounter, a service that is distinct because it occurred during a separate encounter
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
Date
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Notes
2021-01-01 Note Guidelines changed.
2013-01-01 Added Added
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