ICD 10 CM C92.42 | Description & Clinical Information

ICD 10 C92.42 describes a medical condition known as acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), which is characterized by the cessation of multiplication of myeloblasts at the promyelocyte stage due to pathological reasons, leading to the entry of these abnormal cells into the bloodstream or the production of abnormal white blood cells by the bone marrow, which then overwhelm or replace healthy blood cells and prevent the blood from functioning properly, and this code is used when the patient has achieved remission after treatment, but the disease has relapsed with the recurrence of signs and symptoms.

Official Description Of C92.42

The ICD 10 CM book defines ICD 10 code C92.42 as:

Clinical Information

The diagnosis describes by ICD 10 CM C92.42 pertains to a medical condition known as acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). It is a specific subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that usually affects young adults between 15 and 40 years old. APL starts in the bone marrow, where normal blood cell production is disrupted, leading to inadequate numbers of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

APL has several characteristic symptoms, including a tendency to bleed or bruise easily, fever, fatigue, frequent infections, loss of appetite and weight loss, and weakness. Additionally, many APL patients exhibit a condition known as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which causes blood clots to form throughout the blood vessels.

A healthcare provider will diagnose APL by conducting an initial physical exam as well as using a patient’s medical history and symptoms. Then, they will order several laboratory tests to confirm the diagnosis. The tests include a complete blood count (CBC), peripheral smear, blood chemistries, and coagulation studies. The collective results of these tests often show a condition called pancytopenia, marked by a decrease in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

The healthcare provider may perform a bone biopsy or a fine needle aspiration biopsy of the bone marrow to confirm the diagnosis. They may also perform a lumbar puncture to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for analysis. In addition, other diagnostic techniques such as microscopic and cytologic analysis of the blood, CSF, and bone marrow can reveal the types of blood cells present and identify any abnormalities. These diagnostic tests may employ flow cytometry, PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), genetic analysis of the cells, and immunohistochemistry (tests for antibodies).

Imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and ultrasound may also be utilized to help confirm the diagnosis and develop a comprehensive treatment plan.

To determine the subtype and stage of the disease, the French-American-British (FAB) classification system is most commonly used. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed its own classification system.

The primary treatment for APL typically involves chemotherapy alone or in combination with targeted chemotherapy. The healthcare provider will be guided by the stage of advancement of the disease, as well as the age of the patient when considering further treatments. After chemotherapy, a patient may be offered a stem cell transplant. Radiation therapy and surgery may be employed in specific circumstances.

In conclusion, diagnosing APL requires a comprehensive assessment of symptoms, a thorough physical examination, and extensive laboratory workup. Accurate diagnosis is critical to ensure that treatment options are pursued correctly, and patients receive the most effective care possible. Early detection and prompt treatment of APL can greatly improve a patient’s prognosis and quality of life.